3-Chlorotoluene, a compound often referred to as m-chlorotoluene, is a foundational chemical with a distinct set of physical and chemical properties that dictate its utility across various industrial sectors. Its CAS number, 108-41-8, serves as a universal identifier for this important organic intermediate. Understanding these properties is crucial for effective application and safe handling, making it a frequent topic of discussion in chemical research and industrial processes.

Physically, 3-Chlorotoluene presents as a clear, colorless liquid. Its molecular formula, C7H7Cl, and a molecular weight of approximately 126.58 g/mol, are key identifiers. The substance has a relatively high boiling point, typically in the range of 160-162°C at standard atmospheric pressure, and a low melting point of -48°C. This liquid state across a broad temperature range simplifies its handling and use in various reaction conditions. The density of 3-Chlorotoluene is around 1.07 g/mL, indicating it is slightly denser than water.

Chemically, 3-Chlorotoluene exhibits reactivity characteristic of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. The chlorine atom on the aromatic ring can participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions under specific conditions, although it is less reactive than aliphatic halides. The methyl group also offers sites for further chemical modification, such as oxidation. Its solubility profile shows it is sparingly soluble in water but readily soluble in many common organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and benzene, which is advantageous for its use as a reaction medium or solvent.

Comparing 3-Chlorotoluene with its structural isomers, 2-chlorotoluene and 4-chlorotoluene, reveals subtle but important differences in their physical properties, such as boiling points and densities, and also in their reactivity and preferred applications. For instance, the symmetry of 4-chlorotoluene often leads to higher melting and boiling points compared to its meta counterpart. This comparative analysis is essential for selecting the precise isomer needed for specific synthetic pathways.

Safety is a paramount concern when dealing with 3-Chlorotoluene. It is classified as a hazardous substance, with potential risks including irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Information from safety data sheets (SDS) indicates that it is harmful if inhaled and may cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environments. Proper ventilation, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles, and adherence to strict handling protocols are essential to minimize exposure risks. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. provides comprehensive safety information for their products, ensuring customers can handle 3-Chlorotoluene responsibly.

For industries relying on high-quality chemical inputs, sourcing 3-Chlorotoluene from a reputable supplier like NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is crucial. Their commitment to purity and consistent product specifications ensures that chemists can depend on this intermediate for reproducible and successful synthetic outcomes, whether in academic research or large-scale industrial production.