The behavior of a solvent in mixtures is a complex interplay of molecular forces that significantly impacts its performance in various applications. 2-Propoxyethanol, a versatile glycol ether, exhibits rich intermolecular interactions when mixed with other compounds, leading to significant deviations from ideal solution behavior. Understanding these thermodynamic properties is crucial for optimizing its use in formulations and chemical processes.

Research into the solution thermodynamics of 2-Propoxyethanol often focuses on its mixtures with alcohols, amines, and ionic liquids. Studies measuring properties such as excess molar volume (VE), excess isentropic compressibility (κSE), and viscosity deviation (Δη) provide quantitative insights into these molecular interactions. Negative values for VE and κSE are frequently observed in mixtures of 2-Propoxyethanol with various alcohols and amines. These negative deviations typically indicate the presence of strong specific interactions, such as hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of 2-Propoxyethanol and the functional groups of the co-solvent, as well as efficient packing of molecules in the mixture.

The presence of hydrogen bonding is a key factor governing the behavior of 2-Propoxyethanol in mixtures. Its hydroxyl group can act as both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, while the ether oxygen serves as an acceptor. These capabilities facilitate strong intermolecular forces with polar co-solvents. Computational chemistry, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, complements experimental data by providing a molecular-level understanding of these interactions. These simulations can predict stable molecular configurations and elucidate the nature of hydrogen bonds and other attractive forces.

The interpretation of these thermodynamic parameters is vital for predicting solution behavior, such as solubility, viscosity, and phase equilibria. For example, the viscosity deviations can indicate the extent of molecular structuring or disruption within the mixture, influencing flow properties. The intermolecular interactions of 2-Propoxyethanol in these mixtures are a direct consequence of its molecular structure, allowing for tailored solvent performance in specific applications.

By studying these thermophysical properties, researchers and formulators can better predict how 2-Propoxyethanol will behave in complex systems, thereby optimizing its selection and usage in coatings, inks, and chemical synthesis. The detailed exploration of these interactions contributes to a deeper understanding of solvent behavior and the design of advanced materials and processes.

Keywords: 2-Propoxyethanol, Solution Thermodynamics, Intermolecular Interactions, Glycol Ether, Excess Molar Volume, Viscosity Deviation, Hydrogen Bonding, Solvent Mixtures, Computational Chemistry