Lithium Chloride (LiCl), a chemical compound with the CAS number 7447-41-8, is characterized by a set of distinct physical and chemical properties that dictate its broad range of applications. From its appearance as a white crystalline solid to its significant hygroscopic nature, understanding these attributes is crucial for effective utilization and safe handling. For businesses and researchers relying on LiCl, knowledge of its characteristics is a foundational aspect of procurement and application.

Physically, Lithium Chloride presents as a white crystalline solid, often found in granular or powder form. Its most notable property is its hygroscopicity, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the surrounding air. This characteristic is leveraged in applications like desiccants but also means it must be stored in tightly sealed containers to maintain its integrity. The compound's solubility is also noteworthy; it dissolves readily in water, forming solutions with neutral to slightly alkaline pH, and is more soluble in polar organic solvents like methanol and acetone compared to sodium or potassium chlorides.

Chemically, LiCl behaves as a typical ionic compound, although the small size of the lithium ion (Li+) imparts certain unique properties. Its melting point is approximately 605°C, and its boiling point is around 1360°C. It can participate in various chemical reactions, acting as a source of chloride ions, and forms crystalline hydrates. The preparation of anhydrous LiCl typically involves carefully heating its hydrate form under an atmosphere of hydrogen chloride to prevent hydrolysis.

When it comes to safety, Lithium Chloride requires careful consideration. While often classified as having low toxicity, it is known to be an irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes. Ingestion can lead to poisoning, affecting the central nervous system due to its lithium content. Therefore, proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, eye protection, and appropriate respiratory protection, should be used when handling LiCl. Employers must ensure that adequate safety data sheets (SDS) are available, and personnel are trained in safe handling procedures. Understanding these safety guidelines is critical for any supplier or end-user of Lithium Chloride.