Fumaric acid (CAS 110-17-8), chemically known as (2E)-Butenedioic acid, possesses a fascinating array of chemical properties and synthesis routes that make it a cornerstone chemical for various industries. From a manufacturer's perspective at NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., understanding these facets is crucial for ensuring product quality, optimizing production, and meeting diverse customer needs.

The most common industrial synthesis route for fumaric acid involves the catalytic isomerization of maleic acid. Maleic acid is typically derived from the oxidation of butane or benzene. Under controlled conditions, often in aqueous solution at low pH and elevated temperatures, the cis isomer (maleic acid) is converted into the more stable trans isomer, fumaric acid. Fumaric acid then precipitates out of the solution, allowing for straightforward isolation and purification. This method leverages the thermodynamic stability of the trans configuration. Historic and laboratory routes, such as the oxidation of furfural or succinic acid, are also documented but less commonly employed on an industrial scale due to efficiency or raw material availability.

Chemically, fumaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula C4H4O4. It features a carbon-carbon double bond with the carboxyl groups positioned on opposite sides (trans configuration). This structure imparts several key characteristics:

  • Acidity: Fumaric acid is a diprotic acid, with pKa values of approximately 3.02 and 4.38. This makes it a relatively strong organic acid, useful for pH adjustment and as a flavor enhancer.
  • Reactivity: The double bond allows fumaric acid to undergo addition reactions, such as halogenation (e.g., bromination across the double bond to form α,β-dibromosuccinic acid). It also acts as a dienophile in Diels-Alder reactions. The carboxyl groups can form salts, esters, and anhydrides.
  • Stability: Fumaric acid is a stable solid at room temperature, appearing as white crystals or powder. It decomposes at high temperatures (around 290-300°C), often sublimating before melting. Its low hygroscopicity is a significant practical advantage in handling and storage.
These fumaric acid chemical properties are critical for its applications.

NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. meticulously controls the synthesis and purification processes to ensure that the fumaric acid we supply meets exact specifications. Whether destined for food, pharmaceutical, or industrial use, the purity, particle size, and absence of unwanted by-products are paramount. The stability and predictable reactivity of fumaric acid (CAS 110-17-8) make it a reliable building block for complex chemical syntheses and formulations.

In conclusion, the effective synthesis and thorough understanding of fumaric acid's chemical properties are fundamental to its widespread success across diverse industries. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. leverages this chemical knowledge to consistently deliver high-quality fumaric acid, supporting the innovation and production capabilities of our global clientele.