Chlorhexidine, a name synonymous with effective disinfection and antisepsis, has a rich history rooted in scientific discovery and incremental application in medical practice. Its journey from laboratory synthesis to becoming a standard of care in infection prevention spans over half a century, marked by significant milestones that underscore its enduring importance.

The story of Chlorhexidine began in the 1950s in the United Kingdom, where it was discovered during research aimed at developing anti-malarial agents. Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited, published findings in 1954, illuminating the compound's remarkable potential as a disinfectant and topical antiseptic. This led to its commercial release later that same year in the UK, initially as Chlorhexidine digluconate.

The compound's journey continued into the 1970s with its introduction into the United States. Early published studies began to demonstrate its impact on handwashing, showing a significant reduction in skin flora. By the 1970s and 1980s, Chlorhexidine's promise extended to oral health, with research recognizing its ability to inhibit plaque formation. The development of combination products, such as the first Chlorhexidine and alcohol skin preparation launched in the U.S. in 1988, further enhanced its utility and application range.

The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw Chlorhexidine become integral to various medical devices and protocols. The introduction of Chlorhexidine-based vascular access catheters, impregnated with the antiseptic, marked a significant step in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections. Further advancements included the FDA clearance of Chlorhexidine sponge dressings and the CDC's evolving recommendations for antimicrobial catheters and skin antisepsis, consistently highlighting Chlorhexidine's role in preventing healthcare-associated infections.

Today, Chlorhexidine is a well-established antimicrobial agent, recognized by the World Health Organization on its List of Essential Medicines. Its broad-spectrum efficacy, residual activity, and generally favorable safety profile have cemented its position as a cornerstone of infection prevention strategies worldwide. The ongoing research and application of Chlorhexidine continue to shape its role in safeguarding patient health and promoting hygienic practices across diverse medical disciplines.