Methotrexate (CAS 59-05-2) has been a pivotal agent in the fight against cancer for decades, primarily functioning as a potent chemotherapy drug. Its efficacy stems from its classification as an antifolate and antimetabolite. The core of its methotrexate mechanism of action in oncology lies in its ability to competitively inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). This inhibition prevents the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, a vital cofactor required for the synthesis of purines and thymidylate, which are essential components of DNA. By disrupting DNA synthesis and repair, Methotrexate preferentially targets rapidly proliferating cells, a hallmark of cancer cells, thus halting tumor growth.

The methotrexate uses in cancer treatment are diverse, encompassing a wide array of malignancies. It is employed in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, osteosarcomas, and various solid tumors, including those of the breast, head and neck, lungs, and bladder. It can be administered as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs, often at much higher doses than those used for autoimmune diseases. The specific methotrexate dosage and administration schedule are meticulously determined by the type and stage of cancer being treated.

Despite its potent anti-cancer activity, Methotrexate is associated with significant side effects, necessitating careful patient monitoring and management. Potential methotrexate side effects can range from mucositis and myelosuppression to more severe organ toxicity. Furthermore, understanding potential methotrexate drug interactions and the stringent methotrexate pregnancy warning is crucial for patient safety. For healthcare providers and researchers interested in this vital chemotherapy agent, the ability to purchase Methotrexate underscores its ongoing importance in oncological treatment and research.