Testosterone Propionate, identified by its CAS number 57-85-2, is a synthetic derivative of testosterone, distinguished by the propionate ester attached at the C17β position. This modification significantly influences its pharmacokinetic profile, making it a valuable compound in both medical and research settings. Understanding its chemical properties is fundamental to appreciating its actions and applications.

Chemically, Testosterone Propionate is a white crystalline powder with a specific melting point range and limited solubility in water, but it readily dissolves in organic solvents like alcohol and ether. Its molecular formula is C22H32O3, with a molecular weight of approximately 344.5 g/mol. These physical characteristics are crucial for its formulation and absorption. The ester linkage is key to its function; it allows for a slower release of free testosterone into the bloodstream after intramuscular injection, providing a more sustained effect compared to unesterified testosterone.

Pharmacologically, Testosterone Propionate acts as an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR). Once hydrolyzed in the body to release free testosterone, it influences gene transcription, leading to androgenic effects such as the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics. It also exhibits anabolic effects, promoting protein synthesis and muscle growth. These dual actions are central to its use in androgen replacement therapy and its study within anabolic steroid science and safety.

The metabolism of Testosterone Propionate involves its conversion to free testosterone, which is then further metabolized in the liver into various 17-keto steroids. The short ester chain means it has a relatively short elimination half-life, typically around 4.5 days, necessitating frequent administration to maintain therapeutic levels. This contrasts with longer-acting testosterone esters like cypionate or enanthate. Research into testosterone propionate chemical properties helps in designing more effective delivery systems and treatment regimens.

The controlled status and specific applications of Testosterone Propionate highlight its significance as a pharmaceutical chemical. Whether used in hormone therapy for men or as a subject of scientific inquiry, its well-defined chemical structure and biological activity make it a compound of considerable interest. For researchers and medical professionals, understanding the detailed testosterone propionate CAS number 57-85-2 is the starting point for accessing reliable information and sourcing high-quality material.