At NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., we believe in empowering our clients with knowledge. Understanding the scientific underpinnings of the products we supply, such as DL-Threonine (CAS 80-68-2), is crucial for its effective application. This essential amino acid is a fascinating molecule with a profound impact on biological systems, central to protein synthesis and metabolic regulation.

DL-Threonine is chemically defined as (±)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid. Its molecular formula is C₄H₉NO₃, with a molecular weight of 119.12 g/mol. The molecule possesses two chiral centers, leading to four possible stereoisomers: L-threonine, D-threonine, L-allo-threonine, and D-allo-threonine. In biological systems, L-threonine is the naturally occurring and biologically active form, though DL-Threonine, a racemic mixture of L- and D- forms, is commonly used in industrial applications and research due to cost-effectiveness and ease of production.

The primary biological role of threonine is as a constituent amino acid in protein synthesis. Following the genetic code, ribosomes link threonine residues with other amino acids to form functional proteins. These proteins are the workhorses of the cell, performing a vast array of functions, from enzymatic catalysis and structural support (like collagen and elastin) to immune response (as part of antibodies). The correct incorporation of threonine into these chains is vital for their proper three-dimensional structure and, consequently, their biological activity.

Beyond protein synthesis, DL-Threonine is implicated in several critical metabolic pathways. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of glycine and serine, amino acids that are involved in numerous metabolic processes and neurotransmission. Threonine also plays a role in fat metabolism; it is considered a lipotropic compound, meaning it can help prevent the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. This is particularly important for maintaining liver health and overall metabolic balance.

The hydroxyl group on its side chain makes threonine a polar amino acid, contributing to its solubility in water. This characteristic is important for its transport within biological systems and its participation in aqueous biochemical reactions. The precise specifications of DL-Threonine, such as its appearance as a white crystal powder and its purity levels, as provided by NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., are critical for ensuring accurate experimental results and reliable performance in various biochemical applications, from cell culture to enzymatic studies.