The global push for safer and more environmentally friendly materials has led to extensive discussions and developments in flame retardant technology. Two broad categories dominate the field: halogenated flame retardants, primarily brominated and chlorinated compounds, and halogen-free flame retardants, which include phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, and inorganic compounds.

At NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO., LTD., we offer advanced solutions in both categories, allowing manufacturers to choose based on specific application needs, performance requirements, and regulatory landscapes. Understanding the distinctions between these types is crucial for making informed decisions.

Halogenated Flame Retardants (e.g., Brominated):

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), such as Decabromodiphenyl Ethane (DBDPE), are highly effective and often cost-efficient. Their primary mechanism of action is in the gas phase. Upon heating, they decompose to release halogen radicals (like bromine radicals). These radicals scavenge highly reactive free radicals (H•, OH•) produced during polymer combustion, thus interrupting the exothermic chain reaction of the flame. This significantly reduces heat release and flame propagation.

Advantages:

  • High efficiency at lower loading levels.
  • Excellent performance-to-cost ratio.
  • Minimal impact on the mechanical properties of many polymers, especially when used in masterbatch form like our brominated flame retardant masterbatch with ATO+DBDPE.
  • Synergistic effects are often achievable with compounds like Antimony Trioxide (ATO).

Considerations:

  • Concerns have been raised regarding the environmental persistence and potential toxicity of some older BFRs, though many modern compounds have improved profiles.
  • Release of corrosive hydrogen halides (e.g., HBr) during combustion can occur, requiring appropriate material selection for processing equipment.
  • Regulatory scrutiny can be higher for certain halogenated compounds.

Halogen-Free Flame Retardants:

Halogen-free flame retardants typically work through different mechanisms, often involving char formation or endothermic decomposition.

  • Phosphorus-based: These promote char formation on the polymer surface, creating an insulating barrier that protects the underlying material from heat and oxygen, and reduces the release of flammable gases.
  • Nitrogen-based: Often work by releasing inert gases like nitrogen, which dilute flammable gases, and can also contribute to char formation.
  • Inorganic: Such as metal hydroxides (e.g., Aluminum Trihydrate, Magnesium Hydroxide), release water upon heating through an endothermic reaction, absorbing heat and cooling the material.

Advantages:

  • Generally perceived as more environmentally friendly due to the absence of halogens.
  • Do not produce corrosive hydrogen halides during combustion.
  • Satisfy specific market demands and regulations that restrict halogenated compounds.

Considerations:

  • Often require higher loading levels to achieve comparable flame retardancy, which can impact polymer properties and increase costs.
  • Char-forming mechanisms may reduce transparency or affect the aesthetic appeal of some products.
  • Some may have higher processing temperatures or present different handling challenges.

NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO., LTD. is committed to providing solutions that meet evolving market needs. Our EU compliant flame retardant masterbatch offerings ensure that whether you choose a halogenated or halogen-free system, you are opting for high performance and regulatory adherence. We recommend consulting with our technical experts to determine the most suitable flame retardant strategy for your specific product and application, balancing effectiveness, cost, environmental impact, and regulatory compliance.