Dielectric fluids are specialized liquids that possess excellent electrical insulation properties, making them indispensable in various electrical apparatus, particularly capacitors and transformers. Understanding the science behind these fluids, their chemical composition, and their physical and electrical characteristics is key to optimizing their application. This article delves into the scientific underpinnings of dielectric fluids, with a specific focus on Phenyl Xylyl Ethane (PXE) Oil, a high-performance fluid widely used in capacitors.

At its core, a dielectric fluid functions by providing a medium that can withstand a high electric field without undergoing electrical breakdown. This property is governed by the molecular structure of the fluid and its ability to resist the movement of charged particles or the polarization of its molecules under an electric field. The effectiveness of a dielectric fluid is measured by several key scientific parameters.

The Breakdown Voltage (BDV) is a critical measure of a dielectric fluid's insulating capability. It represents the maximum electric field strength the fluid can withstand before it starts conducting electricity. For fluids like PXE oil, with a chemical formula of C16H18, this value is typically very high, often exceeding 70 kV when tested under standardized conditions (e.g., using spherical electrodes with a specific gap). This high BDV is a direct result of its molecular structure, which resists ionization and charge carrier generation.

The Dielectric Dissipation Factor (tan δ), also known as the loss tangent, quantifies the energy lost as heat when the dielectric material is subjected to an alternating electric field. A lower tan δ indicates less energy loss, meaning the fluid is more efficient and generates less heat. PXE oil typically exhibits a very low dissipation factor, often below 0.001 at 90°C, which is crucial for the thermal management and efficiency of electrical equipment.

Volume Resistivity is another important parameter, measuring the fluid's resistance to direct current flow. High volume resistivity signifies excellent insulating properties. For PXE oil, values often exceed 1.0 x 10^12 Ω.m, underscoring its effectiveness in preventing current leakage.

The Relative Permittivity (or dielectric constant) influences how much electrical energy is stored in the dielectric field. For PXE oil, a permittivity of around 2.40-2.50 at 90°C is typical, a value that designers use to calculate capacitance and other electrical characteristics.

Phenyl Xylyl Ethane (PXE) Oil is synthesized to possess these ideal characteristics, making it a superior choice for impregnating film-paper and full film capacitors. Its chemical stability, low sulfur content, and compatibility with materials like polypropylene film further enhance its scientific appeal and practical application.

NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is committed to providing dielectric fluids that adhere to rigorous scientific standards. Our Phenyl Xylyl Ethane Insulating Oil is formulated to deliver the optimal balance of physical and electrical properties required for demanding applications. By understanding the scientific principles behind these fluids, we can better serve the needs of the electrical industry, ensuring the development of more efficient and reliable electrical components.