Phloroglucinol dihydrate, chemically known as 1,3,5-benzenetriol dihydrate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H6O3·2H2O. It is characterized by its crystalline powder appearance, typically white to off-white, and possesses a molecular weight of approximately 162.14 g/mol. The compound is partially soluble in water and exhibits stability under standard storage conditions, although it is combustible.

From a chemical perspective, Phloroglucinol dihydrate is a derivative of benzene, featuring three hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring at the 1, 3, and 5 positions. This arrangement gives it unique chemical properties, including its classification as a triketone tautomer and its behavior as a weak acid. The presence of water molecules in its dihydrate form influences its physical properties, such as its melting point, which is generally lower than that of anhydrous phloroglucinol.

Historically, phloroglucinol was first synthesized from phloretin. Modern synthesis routes can involve the hydrolysis of benzene-1,3,5-triamine and its derivatives. While the detailed synthesis pathways are complex and often proprietary, the general approach typically involves organic reactions that build the trihydroxybenzene structure. The isolation of phloroglucinol from natural sources, such as certain plant species, has also been a traditional method, highlighting its occurrence in nature.

Understanding the chemical structure and synthesis of Phloroglucinol dihydrate is crucial for its application in various industries. Its reactivity and physical characteristics are directly linked to its molecular configuration, making it a valuable compound for fine chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and analytical applications. The purity and consistency of the synthesized product are key parameters that are meticulously controlled by manufacturers to meet the stringent demands of its end-users.