The effective utilization of any chemical intermediate hinges on a thorough understanding of its physicochemical properties. Epibromohydrin, scientifically identified as 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxypropane and carrying CAS number 3132-64-7, is no exception. This colorless liquid, often described as an oily substance, possesses a unique combination of characteristics that define its behavior in chemical reactions and industrial applications. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. provides insights into these critical properties.

At its core, epibromohydrin is an epoxide, characterized by a three-membered ring containing one oxygen atom. This epoxide ring is strained and highly reactive, readily undergoing ring-opening reactions with nucleophiles. This reactivity is further enhanced by the presence of the bromomethyl group (-CH2Br) on the adjacent carbon atom. The bromine atom itself is a good leaving group, facilitating nucleophilic substitution reactions at that position. Together, these features make 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxypropane a potent bifunctional electrophile, capable of reacting at two distinct sites within the molecule.

Key physical properties of epibromohydrin include its appearance as a colorless liquid, a density of approximately 1.67 g/cm³, and a boiling point typically ranging from 134-136°C. Its melting point is quite low, around -40°C. The refractive index, n20/D, is often cited as 1.482. While sparingly soluble in water, it demonstrates good solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol. The flash point, indicating its flammability, is around 56.1°C (closed cup), classifying it as a flammable liquid that requires careful handling to prevent ignition.

Regarding stability, epibromohydrin is generally stable under recommended storage conditions (2-8°C). However, it is incompatible with a range of substances, including strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents, and many active metals (such as sodium, zinc, aluminum, and magnesium). Reactions with these materials can be vigorous and potentially hazardous. Prolonged exposure to light and moisture can also degrade the compound, necessitating proper storage in tightly sealed containers.

The chemical reactivity profile of 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxypropane underpins its widespread use as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Its ability to participate in SN2 reactions, Michael additions, and nucleophilic attacks on the epoxide ring makes it a versatile building block for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, surfactants, and polymers. For example, it can be used to introduce glycidyl ether or bromomethyl functionalities into larger molecules, which can then be further manipulated.

NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. ensures that the epibromohydrin supplied meets precise specifications regarding purity and composition. Understanding these physicochemical properties is not only essential for chemists designing synthetic routes but also for process engineers optimizing reaction conditions and for safety officers implementing proper handling and storage procedures. The inherent reactivity, while beneficial, also demands a heightened awareness of its hazardous nature, particularly its flammability and toxicity.

In conclusion, the physicochemical properties of 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxypropane define its role as a powerful and versatile chemical intermediate. A deep appreciation of its reactivity, stability, and physical characteristics allows for its safe and effective application across various demanding industrial sectors.