Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is rapidly transitioning from its traditional role as a high-performance lubricant to becoming a key material in advanced technological applications. Its unique semiconductor properties, especially in its two-dimensional (2D) form, are driving innovation in fields like electronics, energy storage, and catalysis.

In the electronics sector, 2D MoS2, similar to graphene, offers remarkable potential. Its ability to form transistors with high on/off ratios, low leakage currents, and excellent carrier mobility makes it a strong candidate to complement or even replace silicon in future semiconductor devices. Researchers are actively developing MoS2-based field-effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, and sensors, leveraging its tunable electronic bandgap and mechanical flexibility. This opens avenues for creating faster, more energy-efficient computing, flexible displays, and highly sensitive biosensors.

Beyond electronics, MoS2 is making significant strides in energy applications. Its integration into lithium-ion battery electrodes is showing promise for improving energy density, charge-discharge rates, and overall battery longevity. The layered structure of MoS2 allows for efficient ion intercalation, a critical process in battery operation. Furthermore, MoS2 acts as an effective catalyst in various chemical reactions, including the crucial hydrodesulfurization process in petroleum refining, which removes sulfur from fuels to reduce emissions. Its catalytic activity is also being explored for applications like water splitting for hydrogen production. The multifaceted nature of MoS2 positions it as a material of considerable importance for future technological advancements across diverse scientific and industrial domains.