Ethylene, chemically known as Ethene and identified by CAS number 74-85-1, is a cornerstone of the global chemical industry. Its significance cannot be overstated, as it is the most produced organic compound worldwide, primarily serving as a feedstock for polymers and other vital chemicals. From the everyday plastic bags and bottles to complex industrial components, the influence of ethylene is pervasive.

The primary method for industrial ethylene production is steam cracking. This process involves heating hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as ethane or naphtha, with steam to very high temperatures (750–950°C). This thermal decomposition breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable ones, with ethylene being a key product. The efficiency and scale of these ethylene production methods are crucial for meeting global demand.

The vast majority of ethylene produced globally is directed towards polymerization. The most prominent example is the creation of polyethylene (PE), a versatile plastic used in an extensive range of applications. This process, often simplified with phrases like 'buy ethylene online' for industrial procurement, allows manufacturers to create materials with varying densities and properties, from flexible films to rigid containers. The demand for polyethylene directly drives the market for ethylene.

Beyond polyethylene, ethylene is a critical intermediate for numerous other chemicals. Oxidation of ethylene yields ethylene oxide, which in turn is a precursor to ethylene glycol, widely used as antifreeze and in the production of polyester fibers and films (like PET). Halogenation of ethylene produces ethylene dichloride, a key intermediate for vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), the building block for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These demonstrate the broad spectrum of ethylene chemical applications.

Ethylene also plays a unique role in agriculture. As a natural plant hormone, it is instrumental in the ripening process of many fruits, such as bananas and tomatoes. Controlled application of ethylene gas can ensure optimal ripeness, improve color, and extend the shelf life of produce, showcasing its utility beyond industrial manufacturing.

When considering the procurement of this essential chemical, understanding its ethylene gas properties and safety data is paramount. Ethylene is a highly flammable gas, requiring careful handling and storage to prevent accidents. Despite its flammability, its widespread use continues, supported by robust supply chains and established ethylene industrial uses.

In conclusion, ethylene (CAS 74-85-1) is an indispensable chemical commodity. Its efficient production, coupled with its versatility in polymerization and chemical synthesis, cements its position as the foundation of the modern petrochemical and plastics industries. Its agricultural applications further highlight its multifaceted importance.