Maleic Anhydride, chemically identified as cis-butenedioic anhydride, is a fundamental organic chemical with a profile defined by its synthesis, properties, and widespread industrial applications. Understanding these aspects is crucial for appreciating its significance in modern manufacturing. The predominant method for its production involves the catalytic oxidation of n-butane or butenes, a process that efficiently converts readily available hydrocarbons into this valuable intermediate. This maleic anhydride production from butane route is economically viable and technologically mature, ensuring a stable global supply.

Physically, Maleic Anhydride typically presents as white flakes or granular crystals. Its chemical formula is C4H2O3, and it has a molecular weight of 98.06. It is known for its sublimation properties and its solubility in various organic solvents like alcohol, ether, and acetone. Key physical parameters include a relative density of 1.48 (solid at 20°C) and a boiling point of 202°C. Importantly, it readily reacts with water to form maleic acid, a property that necessitates careful handling and storage.

Chemically, Maleic Anhydride is highly reactive due to the presence of the anhydride group and the double bond. This reactivity makes it an excellent building block for a vast array of chemical syntheses. Its cis-butenedioic anhydride chemical properties allow it to readily participate in addition reactions, polymerization, and esterification, forming the basis for products like unsaturated polyester resins, alkyd resins, plasticizers, and copolymers. Its capability to act as an epoxy resin curing agent further demonstrates its versatile chemical behavior.

The industrial significance of Maleic Anhydride is immense. It is a key precursor for unsaturated polyester resins, which are vital for the production of fiberglass-reinforced plastics used in construction, automotive, and marine industries. Its role in alkyd resins makes it essential for the paints and coatings sector. Moreover, its use as an intermediate for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and food additives highlights its impact on agriculture, healthcare, and consumer goods.

In summary, the efficient maleic anhydride synthesis process, coupled with its unique physical and chemical characteristics, positions Maleic Anhydride as an indispensable organic chemical raw material. Its broad applicability ensures its continued importance in driving innovation and production across numerous industrial domains.