Methanol, scientifically designated by CAS number 67-56-1, is a foundational chemical compound with widespread applications. This article provides an in-depth look at its fundamental properties, common industrial production routes, key market uses, and critical safety considerations essential for its responsible handling.

Chemical and Physical Properties: Methanol is the simplest alcohol, characterized by its chemical formula CH3OH. It presents as a clear, colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid with a distinctive, slightly sweet, alcoholic odor. Key physical properties include a boiling point of approximately 64.7°C, a melting point of -97.8°C, and a density of 0.792 g/cm³ at 20°C. Methanol is miscible with water and most common organic solvents, contributing to its extensive use as a solvent.

Industrial Production Methods: The vast majority of Methanol produced globally is synthesized from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Syngas is typically derived from natural gas through steam reforming or partial oxidation. The catalytic conversion of CO and H2 into Methanol occurs under high pressure and temperature, using catalysts primarily based on copper and zinc oxides. Alternative routes, such as the conversion of biomass or captured carbon dioxide, are also gaining traction as sustainable production methods.

Key Market Applications: Methanol's utility spans across numerous industries. As a Methanol industrial feedstock, it is a primary precursor for formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and various methyl esters, which are vital in the production of plastics, resins, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. In laboratory settings, Methanol is a critical Methanol laboratory chemical, widely used as a solvent in chromatography (HPLC), spectroscopy (UV/VIS, NMR), and for general sample preparation. Its antifreeze properties also make it valuable in automotive fluids and industrial cooling systems.

Safety Considerations: Due to its flammability and toxicity, safe handling of Methanol is paramount. It is classified as a highly flammable liquid, requiring storage away from ignition sources and adequate ventilation. Methanol is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, potentially causing blindness and other severe health issues. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection where necessary, is essential. Understanding the Methanol toxicity and safety data, including hazard symbols and precautionary statements found on SDS, is critical for all users.

In conclusion, Methanol (CAS 67-56-1) is a chemical of immense importance due to its diverse applications and versatile properties. From large-scale chemical synthesis to precise laboratory analysis, its role is fundamental. However, its safe and responsible use, guided by a thorough understanding of its properties and potential hazards, is crucial for harnessing its full benefits.