Phenol, identified by its CAS number 108-95-2, is a fundamental aromatic organic compound with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a phenyl ring. This simple yet powerful structure bestows upon it a unique set of chemical properties that drive its widespread use across a multitude of industries. Understanding these properties is crucial for anyone looking to source or utilize this versatile chemical.

Physically, phenol typically appears as a colorless to white crystalline solid. However, it has a relatively low melting point (around 40.5 °C) and can often be found in a liquid state, especially in industrial contexts where it might be heated for processing. Its characteristic smell is described as sweet and tar-like. Chemically, phenol is weakly acidic, a property that distinguishes it from simple alcohols. This acidity arises from the resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed upon deprotonation. Its boiling point is approximately 181.7 °C, and it is soluble in water and many organic solvents, making it amenable to various reaction conditions and formulations.

The industrial applications of phenol are extensive and varied. One of its largest uses is in the production of phenolic resins, commonly known as Bakelite, which are thermosetting polymers used in adhesives, coatings, laminates, and molded products due to their durability and heat resistance. Phenol is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of bisphenol A (BPA), a precursor for polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Furthermore, it serves as a critical raw material in the production of caprolactam, the monomer for nylon-6, and in the manufacturing of various agrochemicals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

The market for phenol is robust, driven by demand from these key sectors. When seeking to buy phenol, understanding the different grades available is important. Industrial grades are suitable for many large-scale manufacturing processes, while higher purity grades are often required for pharmaceutical or specialty chemical applications. The phenol price is influenced by factors such as the cost of benzene (its primary precursor), energy prices, and global supply-demand dynamics. Many buyers look to source from reliable phenol suppliers who can offer competitive pricing and consistent quality, often with ISO certifications to guarantee adherence to standards.

Market insights also suggest that innovation in phenol production and application continues. Researchers are exploring new uses for phenol derivatives and developing more sustainable production methods. For example, advancements in catalysis can improve the efficiency of phenol synthesis, potentially impacting market pricing and availability. Understanding these market trends can help businesses make informed decisions about their chemical sourcing strategies.

For procurement professionals, obtaining quotes from various phenol manufacturers is a standard practice. Key considerations include not only the product’s specifications (like purity and form) but also the supplier's lead times, shipping capabilities, and customer service. Ensuring compliance with all relevant safety regulations, including proper phenol safety handling and disposal, is also a critical aspect of procurement and use.

In summary, phenol (CAS 108-95-2) is a multifaceted chemical compound with a significant industrial footprint. Its physical and chemical properties make it a vital ingredient in the production of plastics, resins, pharmaceuticals, and numerous other essential products. By understanding its market dynamics and sourcing it effectively from reputable suppliers, industries can continue to benefit from the versatility and utility of this cornerstone chemical.