Ergosterol, a sterol compound with the chemical formula C28H44O and a molar mass of 396.64 g/mol, possesses distinct chemical properties that are critical for its various applications. Typically appearing as white or colorless crystals, or a fine white crystalline powder, ergosterol is known for its solubility profile: it is readily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, and benzene, but practically insoluble in water. This characteristic influences how it is handled, processed, and formulated in different industries.

The melting point of ergosterol is approximately 160°C (320°F), although variations can occur depending on purity and crystalline form. Its infrared (IR) absorption spectrum is a key identifier, routinely used in quality control to confirm its identity and purity, ensuring it meets the required standards for pharmaceutical and nutritional use. The specification for high-quality ergosterol powder commonly demands a purity of 98% or higher, often determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. This high purity is essential for its efficacy as a provitamin D2 and as a reliable intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis.

Proper handling and storage of ergosterol powder are crucial to maintain its quality and prevent degradation. It is recommended to store ergosterol in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and moisture, typically in a tightly sealed container. Exposure to light, heat, and air can lead to oxidation and degradation, potentially affecting its potency and its ability to convert into Vitamin D2. The compound can also be an irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, necessitating appropriate safety precautions during handling, such as wearing gloves, eye protection, and respiratory masks when dealing with fine powders.

The physical form of ergosterol, whether crystalline needles or powder, also impacts its application. For instance, in UPLC analysis, the solubility in mobile phases like methanol is a key consideration. Manufacturers often supply ergosterol in various packaging formats to suit different scales of use, from small laboratory quantities (e.g., 5g or 25g in glass bottles) to larger bulk orders (e.g., 1kg/Alu Foil bags or 25kg/drums). Understanding these specifications and quality parameters is vital for researchers, formulators, and manufacturers to ensure consistent and reliable results in their products and research endeavors.