Genistein (CAS 446-72-0) is a natural isoflavone with a distinct chemical profile that dictates its behavior in various research applications. Understanding these properties is fundamental for researchers working with this compound, ensuring accurate experimental design and reliable results.

Physically, Genistein typically presents as a white to off-white or beige microcrystalline powder. This solid form is characteristic of many purified organic compounds. Its molecular formula is C15H10O5, and its molecular weight is approximately 270.24 g/mol. The structure features a flavonoid backbone with hydroxyl groups, contributing to its chemical reactivity and solubility characteristics.

Solubility is a critical factor for preparing solutions for experiments. Genistein exhibits moderate solubility in common laboratory solvents. It is slightly soluble in chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v) and in DMSO at concentrations up to 100 mM. It is also soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, and hot methanol, as well as in pyridine and DMF. Importantly, it is insoluble in cold water. This differential solubility means that appropriate solvents must be chosen based on the experimental requirements, such as concentration needed and the compatibility with biological systems.

Regarding stability, Genistein is generally stable when stored properly. Recommendations typically include desiccated storage at -20°C to protect it from moisture and potential degradation. Its sensitivity to light might also necessitate storage in opaque containers, although this is not always explicitly stated for all forms. For long-term preservation of its biological activity, maintaining cold temperatures and avoiding exposure to light and air are key considerations.

The purity of Genistein is also paramount for scientific integrity. Suppliers typically offer it with high purity, often greater than 98% or 99% as determined by HPLC or TLC. This high purity ensures that observed biological effects are attributable to Genistein itself, rather than impurities. Researchers should always consult the product's Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for specific purity data and any relevant batch information.

In summary, Genistein's chemical characteristics—its white powder appearance, specific solubility profile, and storage requirements—are vital aspects for researchers. Proper handling and understanding of these properties contribute to the success and reproducibility of experiments investigating its diverse biological roles.