3-Chloro-4-iodopyridine is a chemical compound that requires a thorough understanding of its properties and proper handling procedures to ensure both effective utilization and safety in the laboratory and industrial settings. As a key intermediate in organic synthesis, its chemical characteristics dictate its applications and the precautions necessary during its use. Its molecular formula, C5H3ClIN, and molecular weight of 239.44, provide foundational information, but its true value lies in its reactivity and physical state.

Physically, 3-Chloro-4-iodopyridine is described as an off-white powder. This solid form is typical for many organic intermediates of its molecular size. Its melting point, stated around 105-106°C, indicates a stable crystalline structure under ambient conditions. The density of 2.052 suggests it is a relatively dense compound. Information regarding its boiling point (245.001°C) and flash point (101.973°C) are important safety parameters, indicating its behavior under elevated temperatures and its flammability potential. The refractive index of 1.642 further characterizes its optical properties.

Chemically, the compound's utility stems from the electrophilic nature of the pyridine ring, influenced by the electron-withdrawing halogens, and the inherent reactivity of the C-I bond, which is commonly exploited in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These reactions, such as Suzuki, Stille, and Heck couplings, allow for the facile introduction of various organic fragments, making it an exceptionally versatile building block. The purity, often specified as ≥99.0% by GC, is critical for ensuring predictable reaction outcomes and high yields in downstream synthetic steps. Ensuring the quality of 3-Chloro-4-iodopyridine purchased from suppliers like NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is paramount for successful research and manufacturing.

When handling 3-Chloro-4-iodopyridine, standard laboratory safety protocols are essential. Given its nature as a chemical intermediate, it is advisable to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat. Working in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood is recommended to prevent inhalation of any fine dust particles. Storage recommendations typically involve keeping the compound in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place, away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, and in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption or degradation. Adhering to these guidelines ensures the integrity of the compound and the safety of personnel.