A thorough understanding of a chemical compound's properties is fundamental to its successful application in any field. 4-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile, a key intermediate in organic synthesis, possesses a distinct set of physical and chemical characteristics that dictate its behavior and utility. This article details these essential properties of 4-amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile, providing insights for researchers and industry professionals.

Physically, 4-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile is typically described as an off-white to light yellow crystalline powder. This appearance is a standard visual indicator, though variations in color can sometimes suggest differences in purity or minor oxidation. The compound’s melting point, commonly reported in the range of 102-105 °C, is a critical specification for quality control. A sharp melting point within this range typically signifies high purity, whereas a broad or depressed melting range may indicate the presence of impurities. Accurate 4-amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile purity validation often relies on this parameter, alongside chromatographic techniques.

Chemically, the molecule's structure, C₇H₅ClN₂, with a molecular weight of 152.58 g/mol, highlights the presence of key functional groups. The amino (-NH₂) group offers nucleophilic character and can participate in a variety of reactions such as amidation, sulfonylation, or diazotization. The nitrile (-C≡N) group is an electron-withdrawing group that can undergo hydrolysis to carboxylic acids, reduction to amines, or participate in cycloaddition reactions. The chlorine atom on the aromatic ring influences the electronic distribution and reactivity of the benzene system, often directing further electrophilic substitution reactions to specific positions.

These chemical attributes make 4-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile a valuable organic synthesis intermediate. Its role as a precursor in the creation of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals relies heavily on the predictable reactivity of these functional groups. The specifications for its assay, typically ≥98.0%, ensure that the compound is sufficiently pure for complex synthetic procedures, minimizing interference from unwanted side reactions. Understanding the synthesis of 4-amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile is intrinsically linked to appreciating how these properties are achieved and maintained.

For those involved in the buy and procurement of this compound, paying close attention to these specifications is vital. The price of 4-Amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile can vary based on purity, quantity, and supplier. However, prioritizing quality and adherence to specifications is always a sound investment, ensuring reliable outcomes in your research and production processes. The consistent demand for this compound underscores the importance of its well-defined chemical profile.