Triethyl Citrate (TEC), identified by its CAS number 77-93-0, is a chemical compound with a unique set of properties that make it highly valuable across various industrial applications. As a triester of citric acid and ethanol, its chemical structure, C12H20O7, dictates its behavior and functionality as a plasticizer, solvent, food additive, and cosmetic ingredient. Understanding these chemical properties is key to leveraging TEC effectively in formulation and manufacturing processes.

At room temperature, Triethyl Citrate presents as a colorless, oily liquid with a very slight odor. Its molecular weight is approximately 276.28 g/mol. A significant characteristic is its solubility profile: it is practically insoluble in water but readily soluble in common organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, and castor oil. This solubility allows it to be incorporated into a wide range of formulations where water-based solvents are not suitable.

The compound's boiling point is around 294°C at atmospheric pressure, and it has a relatively high flash point of approximately 155°C. These thermal properties indicate its stability under normal processing conditions and its low volatility, which is advantageous in applications where evaporation needs to be minimized, such as in fragrances or durable coatings.

Chemically, Triethyl Citrate is an ester, and like other esters, it can undergo hydrolysis under strong acidic or alkaline conditions, breaking down into citric acid and ethanol. However, under normal use conditions, it is considered stable. Its compatibility with various polymers, including cellulose derivatives, vinyl resins, and acrylics, is a testament to its effectiveness as a plasticizer. This compatibility allows it to intercalate between polymer chains, reducing intermolecular forces and thereby increasing the flexibility and workability of the material.

In cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, its ability to act as a solvent and its mildness are attributed to its chemical structure. Its low toxicity profile is also a significant advantage, making it a preferred choice over traditional chemicals with more adverse health or environmental impacts. The accessibility of high-purity Triethyl Citrate from chemical suppliers in China ensures that manufacturers can obtain a consistent and reliable product for their demanding applications.

In summary, the chemical properties of Triethyl Citrate—its solubility, thermal stability, compatibility with polymers, and low toxicity—collectively define its utility. These attributes underpin its widespread adoption as a crucial ingredient in plastic manufacturing, food production, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, highlighting its importance in modern chemical formulations.