At NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., we believe that a thorough understanding of chemical compounds is key to their effective and safe utilization. Glycerol, also known as glycerin (CAS 56-81-5), is a fundamental chemical with a diverse profile of properties, production methods, and a generally favorable safety record that warrants a closer look.

Physically, glycerol is a clear, colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid. Its defining characteristic is its sweetness, a trait that hints at its sugar alcohol classification. The viscosity arises from its molecular structure, specifically the presence of three hydrophilic hydroxyl (-OH) groups. These groups allow glycerol to form extensive hydrogen bonds, both intermolecularly and intramolecularly. This high degree of hydrogen bonding contributes significantly to its ability to attract and hold water molecules, classifying it as a hygroscopic substance. This property is central to many of its applications, from cosmetics to food preservation.

Chemically, glycerol is a triol, meaning it contains three hydroxyl groups attached to a propane backbone. It is miscible with water and alcohol but has limited solubility in nonpolar solvents like chloroform or ether. Its reactivity stems from these hydroxyl groups, allowing it to participate in esterification, etherification, and oxidation reactions, making it a valuable chemical intermediate.

The production of glycerol primarily follows two routes: natural extraction and chemical synthesis. Natural glycerol is typically obtained as a byproduct of saponification (soap making) or transesterification of animal fats and vegetable oils. This method yields crude glycerol, which then undergoes purification processes. Synthetic glycerol is primarily produced from propylene, a petrochemical feedstock, through various chemical pathways such as epichlorohydrin hydrolysis. Both methods yield glycerol that, after refinement, can meet the demanding purity requirements for various industries.

From a safety perspective, glycerol exhibits very low toxicity. Its oral LD50 is high, indicating a low level of acute toxicity. While ingestion of very large quantities can lead to mild symptoms like headache or nausea due to its osmotic effects, it is generally considered safe for consumption and topical application when used appropriately. In industrial settings, while not flammable in the conventional sense, it is combustible and can decompose at high temperatures to produce acrolein, a toxic irritant. Therefore, proper handling, storage, and adherence to safety data sheets are always recommended.

NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is dedicated to supplying glycerol that adheres to stringent quality and safety standards. Understanding its properties, production, and safety aspects empowers our clients to leverage its full potential responsibly and effectively across their respective industries.