Refrigerant Gas R22, scientifically known as Difluorochloromethane (CHCLF2), has long been a cornerstone of the refrigeration and air conditioning industries. Its widespread adoption stemmed from its excellent thermodynamic properties and relatively low cost. However, due to its significant environmental impact, particularly its contribution to ozone depletion and global warming, R22 is now subject to a global phase-out. This article explores the key properties, applications, and regulatory status of R22 refrigerant gas.

The properties of R22 are critical to its functionality. It is a colorless gas with a slightly sweet odor, classified as an HCFC. Its key physical and chemical properties include a boiling point of -40.8 °C and a high gas density at 25 °C (Air = 1), making it effective in heat transfer cycles. The refrigerant gas purity of 99.99% ensures optimal performance in cooling systems. Its CAS No. is 75-45-6, and its chemical formula is Chclf2.

R22's primary applications are in residential, commercial, and industrial air conditioning and refrigeration systems. It's used to absorb and release heat, facilitating the cooling process. Beyond these applications, R22 also serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of other fluorinated compounds. Understanding these applications is vital, especially for industries that may still rely on R22 for specific processes or legacy equipment.

The environmental impact of R22 is a major concern. It has an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of 0.034 and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1700 (over 100 years). These figures highlight why international regulations, like the Montreal Protocol, have mandated a phase-out of HCFCs. The production and import of R22 have been banned in many countries since January 1, 2020. While existing systems can still be serviced with available R22, the supply is diminishing, and costs are increasing. The availability of R22 in 13.6kg disposable cylinders is common for industrial users.

For HVAC professionals and businesses, staying informed about the R22 refrigerant phase-out schedule is crucial. This includes understanding the regulations surrounding its use, sourcing compliant R22 refrigerant gas, and exploring environmentally friendly alternatives. The transition to newer refrigerants is essential for compliance and to minimize environmental harm. Ultimately, R22's legacy is a complex one, balancing its historical utility with its environmental consequences, driving the industry towards more sustainable solutions.