The dry cleaning industry has long relied on chemical solvents to effectively clean garments without the use of water. Among these, tetrachloroethylene, commonly referred to as perchloroethylene or PCE, has been a dominant force. Its rise to prominence is largely due to its remarkable cleaning efficacy, particularly for oil-based stains, and its non-flammable nature, which significantly enhances safety in the workplace compared to earlier petroleum-based solvents. For decades, the use of tetrachloroethylene as a dry cleaning solvent has allowed for the gentle yet thorough cleaning of a wide array of fabrics, from delicate silks to sturdy wools, preserving their texture, color, and shape.

The chemical properties of tetrachloroethylene, such as its low viscosity and surface tension, allow it to penetrate fabric fibers effectively, lifting away dirt and grime. This makes it an indispensable tool for removing persistent stains that water-based cleaning methods might struggle with or even damage. Furthermore, the solvent's stability means it can be efficiently filtered and recycled within specialized dry cleaning machines, a process that contributes to its economic viability and a reduced environmental footprint compared to single-use cleaning agents. The ability to purchase tetrachloroethylene in both small and bulk quantities further solidifies its position as a readily accessible industrial chemical.

However, the widespread use of tetrachloroethylene has also brought environmental and health considerations to the forefront. Classified as a suspected carcinogen by various health organizations and identified as a potential environmental pollutant, the industry is facing increasing pressure to adopt safer and more sustainable alternatives. Regulatory bodies worldwide are implementing stricter guidelines and phase-out plans for perchloroethylene. This shift is prompting dry cleaners to explore innovative solutions, including hydrocarbon solvents, silicone-based solvents, and professional wet cleaning methods. While the transition may present challenges, such as the need for new equipment and retraining, it also represents an opportunity for the industry to embrace greener practices and enhance worker and consumer safety. The future of dry cleaning is moving towards more environmentally conscious approaches, but the historical significance and proven effectiveness of tetrachloroethylene as a dry cleaning solvent cannot be understated in its impact on the industry's evolution.