3-Chloroaniline (CAS 108-42-9) is a vital chemical intermediate, but like many industrial chemicals, it requires careful attention to its properties and safe handling practices. Understanding these aspects is crucial for manufacturers, researchers, and anyone involved in its procurement, storage, and use. This knowledge ensures both product integrity and the safety of personnel and the environment.

Physically, 3-Chloroaniline is typically described as a colorless to light amber liquid. It possesses a characteristic odor. While it remains stable under recommended storage conditions, it is noted that the material can darken upon prolonged exposure to air and light. This characteristic emphasizes the importance of proper storage, usually in a well-closed container, in a ventilated, low-temperature, and dry warehouse. Storing it separately from oxidants, acids, and food additives is a key safety and quality measure.

Chemically, 3-Chloroaniline is an aromatic amine with a purity specification often exceeding 99.0%. It exhibits moderate solubility in water but readily dissolves in various organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, and benzene, as well as in acidic solutions. Its chemical reactivity makes it an excellent intermediate for synthesis, particularly in the formation of azo dyes and in the production pathways for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

From a safety perspective, 3-Chloroaniline is classified as hazardous. It can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, and absorption through the skin is possible. More critically, it may cause effects on the blood, potentially leading to methaemoglobin formation, which can manifest as blue lips, fingernails, and skin. Inhalation can lead to symptoms like dizziness, headache, and shortness of breath. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential. This includes chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection such as safety goggles or a face shield. In environments where vapor or mist exposure is possible, respiratory protection should also be used.

When handling spills, it's imperative to collect the liquid in sealable containers and absorb any remaining material with an inert absorbent like sand, disposing of it according to local regulations. Preventing the chemical from entering the environment is also a key concern, as it can be toxic to aquatic organisms.

For companies looking to purchase 3-Chloroaniline, working with suppliers who provide detailed safety data sheets (SDS) and clear handling instructions is highly recommended. A focus on both the chemical's utility and its safe management is paramount for successful and responsible industrial operations.