For chemists, formulators, and procurement specialists in the B2B sector, a deep understanding of a chemical's properties and reactivity is fundamental to its effective application. Benzonitrile (CAS 100-47-0), a cornerstone chemical intermediate, offers a fascinating study in molecular behavior. As a leading manufacturer and supplier of fine chemicals in China, we are pleased to illuminate the scientific underpinnings of Benzonitrile, explaining why its characteristics make it so invaluable.

Molecular Structure and Fundamental Properties

Benzonitrile, with the chemical formula C7H5N, is classified as an aromatic nitrile. Its structure consists of a benzene ring directly bonded to a cyano group (-C≡N). This seemingly simple arrangement imparts a wealth of chemical reactivity:

  • Aromatic Ring: The benzene ring is susceptible to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, similar to benzene itself, although the electron-withdrawing nature of the cyano group can influence the rate and regioselectivity of these reactions.
  • Cyano Group: The nitrile group (-C≡N) is highly polar and reactive. It can undergo a variety of transformations, including nucleophilic addition, hydrolysis, and reduction, making it a versatile functional handle in synthesis.
  • Physical Characteristics: In its pure form, Benzonitrile is a colorless transparent liquid with a relatively high boiling point (around 190.7 °C) and a freezing point of -12.8 °C. Its density is slightly higher than water.

Key Reactivity Pathways of Benzonitrile

The dual nature of Benzonitrile—possessing both an aromatic ring and a reactive nitrile group—opens up numerous synthetic pathways. Understanding these is crucial for leveraging its potential:

  • Hydrolysis: Under acidic or basic conditions, the nitrile group can be hydrolyzed. For instance, reaction with water in the presence of a catalyst yields benzoic acid and ammonia (C6H5CN + 2H2O → C6H5COOH + NH3). This is a fundamental route to benzoic acid, a widely used preservative and intermediate.
  • Reduction: The nitrile group can be readily reduced to an amine. Treatment with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) converts Benzonitrile to benzylamine (C6H5CN → C6H5CH2NH2). Benzylamine is a critical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.
  • Nucleophilic Addition: The carbon atom of the cyano group is electrophilic and can react with nucleophiles, such as Grignard reagents, to form ketones or imines, further expanding its utility in organic synthesis.
  • Polymerization: Under specific catalytic conditions, Benzonitrile can undergo polymerization to form polymeric materials, though this is less common than its use as a monomer or intermediate.

Sourcing High-Quality Benzonitrile

For professionals in chemical manufacturing, securing Benzonitrile (CAS 100-47-0) with verified properties and high purity is essential for predictable outcomes. As a leading chemical manufacturer and supplier in China, we ensure our Benzonitrile offers:

  • Exceptional Purity: We supply Benzonitrile with a minimum purity of 99.0%, crucial for precise chemical reactions and avoiding unwanted side products.
  • Reliable Manufacturing: Our facilities adhere to strict quality controls, providing a consistent and dependable supply of this vital intermediate.
  • Competitive Pricing: We offer competitive prices for bulk purchases, making high-quality Benzonitrile an accessible resource for your R&D and production needs. Inquire for a quote.

Conclusion: Harnessing Benzonitrile's Chemical Potential

Benzonitrile (CAS 100-47-0) is a chemical marvel, offering a rich array of reactivity that fuels innovation in dyes, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. By understanding its molecular structure and chemical pathways, manufacturers can strategically utilize it to create superior products. Partnering with our company for your Benzonitrile supply ensures you receive a product that meets the highest standards of purity and consistency, backed by reliable service from a trusted China-based supplier. Contact us today to learn more and secure your supply.