While guaiacol (CAS 90-05-1) is widely recognized for its contributions to flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical applications, its inherent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities are increasingly drawing attention. These properties suggest a broader spectrum of potential uses, extending into areas of health, wellness, and even agriculture.

Guaiacol's structure, particularly the phenolic hydroxyl group, allows it to act as an effective antioxidant. Antioxidants are crucial compounds that neutralize harmful free radicals in biological systems, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. This property is beneficial in various contexts, from preserving the stability of cosmetic formulations to potentially playing a role in combating diseases associated with oxidative damage. The guaiacol antioxidant activity is a subject of ongoing scientific exploration.

Furthermore, guaiacol exhibits notable antimicrobial properties. Studies have indicated its ability to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi. This antimicrobial action is thought to be related to its capacity to disrupt microbial cell membranes. In agriculture, this has led to research into guaiacol's effectiveness against plant pathogens, such as *Fusarium graminearum*, where it has shown promise in inhibiting fungal growth and mycotoxin production. This opens avenues for developing eco-friendly, natural pesticides or crop protection agents.

The combination of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects makes guaiacol a compound of interest for developing new therapeutic agents or functional ingredients. Its natural origin and relatively benign profile, when used appropriately, align with the growing demand for sustainable and bio-based solutions. As research continues to uncover the full extent of guaiacol's biological activities, its importance in diverse scientific and industrial fields is likely to expand.