For professionals in the chemical industry, a thorough understanding of a compound's properties and safety protocols is non-negotiable. Dichloroacetonitrile (CAS 3018-12-0) is a versatile chemical intermediate with specific characteristics that dictate its handling, storage, and application. This article delves into its key chemical and physical properties, as well as crucial safety considerations for procurement managers, researchers, and plant operators.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Dichloroacetonitrile is primarily known for its appearance as a colorless liquid. Its molecular formula is C2HCl2N, and its molecular weight is approximately 109.94 g/mol. Key physical properties include:

  • Boiling Point: Approximately 110-112 °C (lit.).
  • Density: Around 1.369 g/mL at 25 °C.
  • Refractive Index: n20/D ≈ 1.44 (lit.).
  • Solubility: Soluble in methanol and likely other organic solvents, indicating its utility in various reaction media.
  • Flash Point: 96 °F, classifying it as a combustible liquid.

Chemically, Dichloroacetonitrile is a halogenated nitrile. Its reactivity profile is significant:

  • Stability: It is generally considered stable under recommended storage conditions.
  • Incompatibility: It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Mixing with strong oxidizing acids can lead to violent reactions. Bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide.
  • Reactions: It can undergo hydrolysis in both acidic and basic aqueous solutions, yielding carboxylic acids. Peroxides can convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents.
  • Combustibility: It burns slowly and can emit toxic fumes of chlorine, cyanides, and nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition.

Safety and Handling Precautions
Given its properties, particularly its combustibility and potential for releasing toxic fumes, strict safety measures are imperative when handling Dichloroacetonitrile. Hazard codes typically include 'C' (Corrosive), and hazard statements such as H226 (Flammable liquid and vapor), H302 (Harmful if swallowed), and H314 (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage) are commonly associated with it. Therefore, when you purchase Dichloroacetonitrile, ensure the following precautions are observed:

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing.
  • Ventilation: Handle in a well-ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood, to prevent inhalation of vapors.
  • Ignition Sources: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. No smoking.
  • Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place in tightly sealed containers. Recommended storage temperature is often 0-6°C.
  • Spill Management: In case of spills, contain and clean up using appropriate absorbent materials, following local safety regulations.
  • First Aid: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. If swallowed, seek immediate medical attention.

Procurement Considerations for Safety
When sourcing Dichloroacetonitrile, buyers should always request the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) from the manufacturer or supplier. This document provides comprehensive information on hazards, safe handling, emergency procedures, and disposal. Understanding the HS code (e.g., 29269090) is also important for import/export regulations. Choosing a manufacturer that clearly communicates these safety aspects and provides quality documentation contributes to a safer procurement process.

By understanding and respecting the chemical properties and safety requirements of Dichloroacetonitrile, users can harness its synthetic potential effectively and responsibly. Always prioritize safety when handling this and other chemical intermediates.