For chemists, researchers, and product developers, a deep understanding of the synthesis and properties of chemical intermediates is fundamental to innovation. 1,4-Butane Sultone (CAS 1633-83-6) is one such compound, valued for its specific reactivity and utility across several industrial sectors. This article explores its synthesis routes and key chemical characteristics, providing essential information for those looking to source or work with this important chemical.

Synthesis of 1,4-Butane Sultone

The production of 1,4-Butane Sultone typically involves a series of chemical transformations designed to cyclize a precursor molecule into the desired sultone ring structure. Common synthesis pathways often start with derivatives of butanol or butene. One described method involves:

  • Sulfonation: A precursor such as 3-butylene-1-alcohol or 3-butylene-1-chlorine is sulfonated using an appropriate sulfonating agent.
  • Oxidation-Reduction: The reaction may involve an initiator under oxidation-reduction conditions.
  • Acidification and Lactonization: Following the initial reaction, acidification and subsequent lactonization (ring closure) through dehydration, often under high vacuum or azeotropic conditions, yields the sultone.
  • Refinement: The crude product is then refined to achieve the desired purity, typically assaying ≥99%.

Other synthesis routes might involve starting materials like 4-chlorobutyl acetate, with various reagents and conditions employed to achieve the cyclization. The choice of synthesis pathway often depends on the availability and cost of raw materials, desired purity, and environmental considerations.

Key Chemical Properties and Characteristics

Understanding the physical and chemical properties of 1,4-Butane Sultone is crucial for its effective application and safe handling:

  • Appearance: Typically described as a clear, colorless to yellowish liquid.
  • Molecular Formula: C4H8O3S
  • Molecular Weight: Approximately 136.17 g/mol.
  • Melting Point: Generally reported in the range of 12-15 °C, meaning it is often encountered as a liquid at room temperature.
  • Boiling Point: High boiling point, often cited as >165 °C at 25 mmHg, indicating low volatility under standard conditions.
  • Density: Around 1.331 g/mL at 25 °C.
  • Solubility: Exhibits moderate water solubility (e.g., 54 g/L at 20 °C), though it may decompose in water over time. It is generally soluble in many organic solvents.
  • Reactivity: It is a potent alkylating agent and can react with nucleophiles. It is also sensitive to moisture.
  • Safety Profile: It is classified as harmful if swallowed and is considered a suspected carcinogen. Proper handling with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation is essential.

For researchers and manufacturers looking to purchase 1,4-Butane Sultone (CAS 1633-83-6), working with suppliers who provide detailed technical specifications and safety data sheets is vital. This ensures that the material sourced meets the required standards for specific chemical processes and that handling protocols are adequately understood.

Sourcing and Usage Considerations

When procuring 1,4-Butane Sultone, users should inquire about the synthesis route and purity analysis from manufacturers, especially when its use is for sensitive applications like pharmaceutical intermediates or specialty surfactants. Reputable chemical suppliers, including many in China, offer this compound in various quantities, from laboratory scale to bulk industrial drums. Discussing your specific needs with a trusted supplier will help ensure you receive the appropriate grade and quality of 1,4-Butane Sultone for your research or production needs.