Understanding the chemical intricacies of a compound is fundamental for its effective application in synthesis and product development. Ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate (CAS 352-23-8) is a fascinating molecule whose structure dictates its valuable properties and synthetic utility. This article delves into its chemical composition, key physical characteristics, and common synthesis pathways, providing essential knowledge for chemists and researchers.

Molecular Structure and Formula:
Ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate has the molecular formula C5H7F3O2. Its structure features an ethyl ester group attached to a propane chain that is substituted with three fluorine atoms at the third carbon. The presence of the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group is central to its unique chemical behavior. The IUPAC name is ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate, and common synonyms include ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate.

Key Physicochemical Properties:
As commonly supplied, Ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate is a clear, colorless liquid. Key physical properties include:

  • Molecular Weight: 156.1 g/mol.
  • Boiling Point: It has a boiling point of approximately 170.1°C at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), though it can be distilled at lower temperatures under reduced pressure (e.g., 50°C at 12 mmHg).
  • Density: Its density is around 1.191 g/cm³, indicating it is denser than water.
  • Purity: Commercial grades typically offer high purity, often 99% min, which is critical for its use in sensitive chemical reactions.
  • Solubility: It shows solubility in common organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and chloroform.
  • Flammability: With a low flash point (around 8-55.7°C depending on the source), it is considered a flammable liquid and requires appropriate handling precautions.
  • Storage Conditions: To maintain its stability and purity, it is recommended to store it sealed and dry, typically at temperatures between 2-8°C.

Synthesis Methods:
Several synthetic routes can be employed to produce Ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate. A common laboratory method involves the reaction of ethyl acetate with a trifluoromethylating agent, or the esterification of 3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid. One described synthesis involves treating a suspension of potassium ethoxide with 2,2,3-tribromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropane in ether, followed by acidic workup and distillation. Manufacturers often optimize these processes for industrial-scale production, focusing on yield, purity, and cost-effectiveness.

The combination of the ester functionality and the electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group makes Ethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate a highly versatile intermediate. Its ability to participate in various nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions, coupled with the stability imparted by the fluorine atoms, makes it an attractive compound for custom synthesis and the development of advanced materials. When considering its purchase, confirming the CAS number (352-23-8) and purity from a trusted supplier is essential for successful laboratory or industrial applications.