Phloroglucinol, scientifically identified as 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene and bearing the CAS number 108-73-6, is a fascinating organic compound whose chemical structure dictates its wide-ranging applications. As a member of the benzenetriol family, its symmetrical arrangement of three hydroxyl groups on a benzene ring imbues it with unique chemical properties and reactivity. Understanding the fundamental chemistry of Phloroglucinol is key to appreciating its role as a vital intermediate and reagent in various scientific and industrial fields.

The molecular formula of Phloroglucinol is C6H6O3, and its molar mass is approximately 126.11 g/mol. Structurally, it's a phenol derivative, specifically a trihydroxybenzene. While it can exist in tautomeric equilibrium with keto forms, it predominantly exhibits phenolic character. This phenolic nature contributes to its weakly acidic properties. The compound typically presents as a colorless to beige crystalline solid, with a melting point around 218-220°C. Its solubility profile – being soluble in polar organic solvents like ethanol and pyridine, and sparingly soluble in water – influences its use in different reaction media.

The reactivity of Phloroglucinol is a major factor in its industrial utility. The presence of three activating hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring makes it highly susceptible to electrophilic substitution reactions. This makes it an excellent coupling agent in dye synthesis, reacting readily with diazonium salts. It also participates in condensation reactions, which are foundational for its use in creating complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and polymers. The ability to purchase Phloroglucinol from reliable chemical suppliers ensures access to this reactive intermediate.

Phloroglucinol's role as a biological reagent stems from specific reactions it undergoes. Its reaction with furfural, for instance, is the basis for a sensitive analytical test. Moreover, its interaction with lignin components allows for its use in qualitative detection assays. The price of Phloroglucinol is often linked to its purity, which is crucial for the accuracy of these analytical applications. Therefore, researchers often prioritize high-purity grades when buying Phloroglucinol for experimental purposes.

The comprehensive understanding of Phloroglucinol's chemistry – its structure, physical properties, and characteristic reactions – is essential for optimizing its use in synthesis, analysis, and material science. As industries continue to explore new chemical pathways and applications, Phloroglucinol remains a fundamental and sought-after organic compound, readily available from dedicated chemical manufacturers and distributors.