Tetrabutylurea (TBU), identified by CAS number 4559-86-8, is a chemical compound whose unique physicochemical properties are central to its industrial utility. While its prominent application lies in the production of hydrogen peroxide, understanding its fundamental characteristics is crucial for appreciating its versatility. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. provides insight into these properties.

At room temperature, Tetrabutylurea presents as a colorless to light yellow liquid. This liquid form is significant, as it facilitates its use as a solvent and reactant in liquid-phase chemical processes. Its relatively low melting point, often cited as below -50°C or -60°C, ensures it remains fluid even in cooler environments, simplifying handling and storage. The compound's molecular formula, C17H36N2O, indicates a substantial molecular weight of approximately 284.48 g/mol, contributing to its high boiling point, which can range from 310-315°C at normal pressure or around 163°C at 12 mmHg. This high boiling point signifies low volatility, which is advantageous for processes requiring elevated temperatures and for minimizing atmospheric emissions.

The density of Tetrabutylurea is typically reported around 0.87-0.88 g/cm³ at 20°C. This density is slightly less than water, a property that is particularly beneficial in its application within the anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide production. The significant density difference between TBU and water aids in the efficient separation of the organic solvent phase from the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution during extraction steps. Coupled with its substantial surface tension, these properties collectively enhance the efficiency of phase separation, a critical stage in the manufacturing process.

Solubility is another key characteristic. While Tetrabutylurea has limited solubility in water (around 4.3 mg/L at 20°C), it exhibits excellent solubility in various organic solvents. Crucially, it demonstrates a high solubility for hydroanthraquinone, the key intermediate in hydrogen peroxide synthesis. This high solvency power is what distinguishes TBU from many other solvents, enabling higher reaction concentrations and thus greater process efficiency. For those looking to procure tetrabutylurea for its solvent properties, this high solvency is a primary consideration.

Furthermore, TBU is known for its low toxicity profile, particularly compared to some other organic solvents. It also possesses weak basicity. Its chemical structure allows it to act as a hydrogen bond acceptor through its carbonyl oxygen, yet it cannot act as a hydrogen bond donor due to the absence of N-H bonds. This influences its interactions with other molecules in solution.

In summary, the physicochemical profile of Tetrabutylurea—its liquid state, high boiling point, low melting point, specific density, excellent organic solvency, and limited water solubility—makes it an exceptionally well-suited compound for demanding industrial applications, most notably in the production of hydrogen peroxide. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is dedicated to providing TBU with the precise specifications required for optimal performance in these processes.