For chemists, researchers, and procurement professionals in the B2B chemical sector, a thorough understanding of a compound's properties is fundamental to its effective application and procurement. 1-Chlorobutane, identified by its CAS number 109-69-3, is a common organic halide whose chemical and physical characteristics make it a valuable commodity in various industrial processes. If you are considering purchasing 1-Chlorobutane, understanding these properties will guide your decision-making.

Chemically, 1-Chlorobutane (C4H9Cl) is an alkyl halide. It typically appears as a colorless liquid with a distinct odor. Its molecular weight is approximately 92.57 g/mol. Key physical properties include a melting point of around -123°C and a boiling point of 77-78°C, as per standard literature references. This relatively low boiling point means it is volatile at room temperature, a characteristic that influences its handling and storage requirements.

The solubility of 1-Chlorobutane in water is limited, reported to be around 0.5 g/L at 20°C. However, it exhibits good miscibility with common organic solvents like methanol and ether, making it suitable for use in organic reaction media where water must be excluded or controlled. Its density is approximately 0.886 g/mL at 25°C, which is less dense than water.

Safety information is also a critical aspect of understanding chemical properties. 1-Chlorobutane is flammable, with a low flash point (around -12°C). Therefore, it must be handled with appropriate precautions, away from ignition sources, in well-ventilated areas. Its vapor pressure is notable, which necessitates careful containment to prevent atmospheric release.

From a synthesis perspective, 1-Chlorobutane's reactivity is centered around its chlorine atom, which can be displaced by nucleophiles. This makes it a valuable precursor for creating n-butyl compounds through reactions such as Grignard reactions (forming n-butylmagnesium chloride) or nucleophilic substitutions to produce ethers, amines, and other derivatives. These transformations are foundational in producing more complex organic molecules used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty materials.

When sourcing 1-Chlorobutane, it is important to specify the required purity. Typical grades available from reputable manufacturers, such as those found in China, often exceed 99% purity. For sensitive applications, such as in pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis, demanding specific low water content (e.g., ≤50 ppm) or the inclusion of molecular sieves for enhanced drying, is common. These details should be discussed with potential suppliers to ensure the product meets your exact technical specifications.

In conclusion, the chemical and physical properties of 1-Chlorobutane (CAS 109-69-3) are well-documented and predictable, making it a reliable reagent for numerous chemical processes. By understanding these characteristics, buyers can confidently procure this essential compound from qualified manufacturers and suppliers for their specific industrial needs.