Magnesium Oxide (MgO), also known as magnesia, is a fundamental inorganic compound with the chemical formula MgO. It is an oxide of magnesium, typically appearing as a white, hygroscopic solid, often in powder form. Its natural occurrence as the mineral periclase highlights its abundance and importance. With a CAS number of 1309-48-4, MgO is a cornerstone chemical in numerous industrial applications, ranging from high-temperature refractory materials to essential components in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and environmental solutions. For procurement managers and R&D professionals, a thorough understanding of MgO's properties, production methods, and applications is key to effective sourcing and utilization.

The production of Magnesium Oxide primarily involves the calcination of magnesium-containing minerals like magnesite (MgCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) at high temperatures. Seawater and brines are also significant sources, from which magnesium hydroxide is precipitated and then thermally decomposed. Depending on the calcination temperature, different forms of MgO are produced: light magnesium oxide (caustic calcined magnesia), formed at lower temperatures (below 900°C), which is highly reactive and has a large surface area, and heavy magnesium oxide (dead-burned or fused magnesia), produced at higher temperatures (1500-1800°C), which is less reactive and highly refractory. Understanding these production nuances is vital when specifying MgO for particular industrial needs.

The physical and chemical properties of Magnesium Oxide are central to its wide-ranging utility. It possesses a high melting point (2852°C) and boiling point (3600°C), along with excellent thermal insulation and electrical resistivity at high temperatures. While sparingly soluble in water, it reacts to form magnesium hydroxide. It is readily soluble in acids. Its applications are remarkably diverse:

  • Refractory Materials: Its high refractoriness makes it ideal for furnace linings, crucibles, and refractory bricks used in industries like steel, cement, and glass manufacturing.
  • Construction: Used as an additive in cement and boards to enhance fire resistance, durability, and resistance to mold and water.
  • Water Treatment: Acts as an alkali agent to neutralize acidic wastewater and precipitate heavy metals, improving water quality and environmental compliance.
  • Agriculture and Animal Feed: Provides essential magnesium for plant photosynthesis and animal health, preventing deficiencies in crops and livestock.
  • Rubber and Plastics: Serves as an activator in vulcanization, a filler, reinforcing agent, and flame retardant in various polymer formulations.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Used as an antacid, laxative, and a source of dietary magnesium for human health.

For businesses seeking to buy Magnesium Oxide, partnering with a reliable manufacturer and supplier is crucial. Factors to consider include product purity, particle size, the specific grade (light vs. heavy calcined), and the consistency of supply. Chinese manufacturers are significant global suppliers, offering competitive pricing and a wide range of MgO products. When making a purchase decision, it is advisable to consult product specifications, request samples, and compare offerings from different suppliers to ensure you are obtaining the most suitable and cost-effective Magnesium Oxide for your specific industrial application. Ensuring a stable and high-quality supply chain for this critical chemical can lead to significant operational efficiencies and product enhancements.