Maleic Anhydride (CAS 108-31-6) is a fundamental organic chemical with a distinct set of properties that underpin its widespread industrial utility. For professionals in chemical procurement and research and development, a thorough understanding of its characteristics and how it is manufactured is crucial for making informed sourcing decisions. As a leading supplier, we are pleased to share insights into this versatile compound.

Physically, Maleic Anhydride is typically a colorless or white crystalline solid with a characteristic acrid odor. Its key chemical characteristic is its anhydride group, which readily reacts with nucleophiles such as water, alcohols, and amines. Upon reaction with water, it hydrolyzes to form maleic acid, a cis-butenedioic acid. This reactivity makes it an excellent dienophile in Diels-Alder reactions, a pathway exploited in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Its molecular formula is C4H2O3, and it has a molecular weight of approximately 98.06 g/mol.

Industrially, Maleic Anhydride is predominantly produced through the selective oxidation of n-butane. This process, carried out in the vapor phase over a catalyst (typically vanadium-based), converts the hydrocarbon into the anhydride with high efficiency. The reaction is exothermic and requires careful control of temperature and air-to-hydrocarbon ratios to maximize yield and minimize side reactions. While older methods involved the oxidation of benzene, the butane route is now favored for its economic and environmental advantages. This modern production method ensures a consistent and scalable supply for global demand.

The versatility of Maleic Anhydride means it is a sought-after intermediate for a broad spectrum of industries. Its uses span from the production of unsaturated polyester resins and coatings to its role in creating lubricant additives and as a building block in complex organic syntheses. Knowing the CAS number, 108-31-6, is essential when searching for a reliable Maleic Anhydride manufacturer or supplier. We invite you to explore our product offerings and to request a quote for our high-quality Maleic Anhydride. Understanding its properties and production reinforces why it remains a critical component in modern manufacturing.