Morpholine, with its CAS number 110-91-8, is a unique organic compound that finds extensive application across various industries. Understanding its fundamental chemical properties and adhering to strict safety protocols are crucial for its effective and safe utilization.

Chemically, morpholine is a heterocyclic amine with the formula C4H9NO. It is characterized by a six-membered ring containing one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom in a 1,4-relationship. This structure imparts bifunctional reactivity, behaving as both a secondary amine and an ether. It is a basic compound, readily forming salts with acids. Morpholine is miscible with water and a wide range of organic solvents, including alcohols, ethers, and ketones, which facilitates its use in diverse chemical processes and formulations.

Physically, morpholine is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinct, somewhat unpleasant ammonia-like odor. It has a low melting point (-7 to -5 °C) and a boiling point around 129 °C. Its flammability necessitates careful handling, keeping it away from ignition sources.

Safety is a paramount concern when working with morpholine. It is classified as a hazardous substance. It can cause severe skin burns and eye damage upon contact, and its vapors can be irritating to the respiratory tract. Ingestion or prolonged exposure can be harmful. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shields, and respiratory protection when handling in poorly ventilated areas. Good laboratory practices and adequate ventilation are always recommended.

Companies like NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO., LTD. provide detailed safety data sheets (SDS) and technical information, which are invaluable resources for users. Proper storage, typically in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials like strong oxidizing agents and acids, is also critical. Adherence to these safety guidelines ensures that the industrial benefits of morpholine can be harnessed responsibly.