Understanding the fundamental chemical and physical properties of an intermediate is crucial for its effective application in synthesis. 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic Acid (CAS: 96-99-1) is a well-defined organic compound with a specific structure that dictates its behavior and utility. As a key player in both pharmaceutical and dye manufacturing, a deeper dive into its profile offers valuable insights for chemists and engineers.

The molecular formula of 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic Acid is C7H4ClNO4, with a molecular weight of approximately 201.56 g/mol. Its structure is characterized by a benzene ring substituted with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), a chlorine atom (-Cl) at the para position, and a nitro group (-NO2) at the meta position relative to the carboxylic acid. This arrangement of functional groups is central to its reactivity and its role as an intermediate.

Physically, 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic Acid typically appears as a white to light yellow powder or crystalline solid. Its melting point is generally reported in the range of 180-183°C, indicating a stable solid form under ambient conditions. The density is around 1.64 g/cm³. While its solubility in water is limited (around 342.7 mg/L), it is soluble in various organic solvents, which is advantageous for its use in different reaction media during synthesis. The flash point of approximately 178.5°C suggests moderate flammability, necessitating appropriate handling and storage procedures.

The industrial synthesis of 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic Acid often involves the nitration of 4-chlorobenzoic acid. This process typically employs a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid under controlled temperature conditions to direct the nitro group to the desired meta position relative to the carboxylic acid. Alternatively, other related chloro-nitro compounds can serve as precursors through various chemical transformations. Manufacturers focus on optimizing these synthetic routes to achieve high yields and the required purity of ≥98.0%, making it a readily available and cost-effective intermediate for bulk purchase.

The chemical profile of 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic Acid, encompassing its structure, physical properties, and synthesis methods, underscores its importance in the chemical industry. As a manufacturer committed to providing high-quality intermediates, we ensure that our 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic Acid meets the exacting standards required for advanced chemical synthesis, whether for life-saving pharmaceuticals or vibrant industrial dyes. Understanding these characteristics helps users optimize its application and ensures efficient sourcing from reliable suppliers.