In the vast landscape of industrial chemistry, certain compounds serve as foundational elements, enabling the creation of a myriad of essential products. 4-Chlorophenol, identified by its CAS number 106-48-9, is one such pivotal chemical intermediate. Possessing a unique combination of a phenolic hydroxyl group and a chlorine atom on its benzene ring, this compound exhibits a distinctive set of chemical and physical properties that render it indispensable in various industrial syntheses.

Chemical Structure and Reactivity

4-Chlorophenol is an organochlorine compound and a derivative of phenol. Its molecular formula is C6H5ClO, with the chlorine atom positioned at the para-position relative to the hydroxyl group. This specific arrangement dictates its reactivity. The electron-withdrawing nature of the chlorine atom influences the acidity of the phenolic hydroxyl group, making it a weak acid. This characteristic is crucial for its role in various chemical reactions, including esterifications and etherifications. Its ability to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution further expands its utility in organic synthesis.

Physical Properties and Handling Considerations

Typically appearing as white crystals, 4-Chlorophenol possesses an unpleasant, pungent odor. Its melting point hovers around 43-45 °C, and it boils at approximately 217 °C. While it exhibits limited solubility in water, it readily dissolves in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and benzene. These physical characteristics are important for formulators and handlers. For instance, its low melting point means it can exist as a liquid or solid depending on ambient temperatures, influencing storage and dispensing methods. Safe handling practices, including appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation, are essential due to its irritant and potentially harmful nature.

Industrial Applications: A Versatile Intermediate

The industrial significance of 4-Chlorophenol is multifaceted:

  • Pharmaceutical Synthesis: It is a critical intermediate in producing pharmaceuticals. For example, it is a precursor for clofibrate, a lipid-lowering drug. The demand for high-purity pharmaceutical-grade 4-Chlorophenol means sourcing from manufacturers with stringent quality control is vital.
  • Agrochemical Production: In the agricultural sector, 4-Chlorophenol is a key component in synthesizing various pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, contributing to crop protection and improved agricultural yields.
  • Dye Manufacturing: It serves as an intermediate in the production of specific dyes and pigments, adding color to textiles and other materials.
  • Solvent and Analytical Reagent: Its solvent properties are utilized in refining mineral oil, and it also finds application in microscopic analysis and as a denaturing agent for alcohol.

Sourcing 4-Chlorophenol: The Manufacturer's Perspective

For businesses looking to procure 4-Chlorophenol, engaging with established manufacturers, particularly in China, offers significant advantages. These manufacturers often possess advanced production technologies and economies of scale, enabling them to supply high-quality material at competitive prices. Ensuring a reliable supply of 4-Chlorophenol is crucial for uninterrupted production cycles in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and dye industries. Procurement specialists often prioritize suppliers who can guarantee consistent purity, reliable delivery, and comprehensive technical support.