For research and development scientists and product formulators, a comprehensive understanding of a chemical intermediate's properties and synthesis is crucial for successful application. 1-Ethylpiperazine (CAS 5308-25-8) is a clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a distinct amine odor, often described as having a strong ammonia-like scent. Its physical state at room temperature is liquid, with a melting point around -60 °C and a boiling point of approximately 157 °C. The density is typically around 0.899 g/mL at 25 °C, and it has a flash point of 110 °F, classifying it as a flammable liquid. It is soluble in water and common organic solvents, making it amenable to various reaction conditions.

Chemically, 1-Ethylpiperazine is characterized by its piperazine ring substituted with an ethyl group on one of the nitrogen atoms. This structure imparts specific reactivity, making it a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis. Safety data indicates it can be irritating to the eyes, respiratory system, and skin, and proper handling precautions are necessary. Storage is recommended in a cool, dry place, often at 2-8°C, and it can be sensitive to air, potentially oxidizing and changing color at elevated temperatures.

Several synthesis routes exist for 1-Ethylpiperazine. A common method involves the reaction of piperazine with chloroethane. While this process is relatively straightforward, it can lead to by-products like N,N-diethyl piperazine and presents challenges in cost management and purification. Another approach involves the addition and cyclization of ethylamine with ethylene oxide. However, this method often requires high reaction temperatures and complex equipment, along with potential difficulties in process control and waste treatment.

For those looking to purchase 1-Ethylpiperazine, it is important to consider these synthesis pathways as they influence product quality and cost. Reputable manufacturers will provide detailed specifications and safety data to support its use in various applications. Understanding these fundamental aspects allows formulators and researchers to effectively utilize this important fine chemical in their projects and manufacturing processes.