For chemists and researchers, a deep understanding of a compound's scientific properties is fundamental to its effective utilization. 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid (CAS 1829-32-9) is a compound of significant interest due to its versatile chemical nature and its role as a key intermediate in various synthetic pathways. This article explores the scientific aspects of 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid, including its properties, structure, and common synthesis routes.

Physicochemical Properties and Structure

3-Chlorosalicylic Acid, also identified by its IUPAC name 3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, possesses the molecular formula C7H5ClO3 and a molecular weight of 172.57 g/mol. Its CAS number is 1829-32-9. Physically, it typically appears as a white to tan powder or crystalline solid. The melting point is a key characteristic, generally reported in the range of 184-186°C. Its solubility properties and stability under various conditions are crucial for its handling and reaction design. The molecule's structure is characterized by a benzene ring with three substituents: a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at position 1, a hydroxyl group (-OH) at position 2, and a chlorine atom (-Cl) at position 3. This arrangement dictates its chemical behavior, enabling a range of reactions such as esterification, etherification, and electrophilic aromatic substitutions.

Synthesis Methods for 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid

The synthesis of 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid typically involves the chlorination of salicylic acid or its derivatives. One common approach is the electrophilic aromatic substitution of salicylic acid using a chlorinating agent, such as sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) or chlorine gas (Cl2), often in the presence of a catalyst or a suitable solvent. The reaction conditions must be carefully controlled to favor substitution at the desired meta position relative to the hydroxyl group and ortho to the carboxylic acid group, while minimizing by-product formation, such as dichlorinated or differently substituted isomers. Researchers often seek detailed 'synthesis of 3-chlorosalicylic acid' information when planning their own laboratory preparations. The 'price of 3-chlorosalicylic acid' is influenced by the complexity and yield of these synthesis routes, driving demand for efficient and cost-effective manufacturing processes by '3-chlorosalicylic acid manufacturers'.

Applications Driven by Chemical Reactivity

The distinct functional groups on 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid make it a valuable intermediate for further chemical transformations. The carboxylic acid group can be readily converted into esters, amides, or acid halides, while the hydroxyl group can undergo etherification or esterification. The chlorine atom is an important handle for cross-coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki, Sonogashira couplings) or nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, allowing for the introduction of diverse substituents onto the aromatic ring. These reactions are fundamental in creating complex molecules, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry for API synthesis. Many scientists search for 'high purity 3-chlorosalicylic acid' to ensure the success of these intricate multi-step syntheses. Reliable sourcing from a '3-chlorosalicylic acid supplier' is essential for consistent experimental results.

Quality and Sourcing for Scientific Use

For scientific applications, the quality of 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid directly impacts experimental outcomes. Researchers and procurement specialists often look for suppliers who can guarantee high purity (e.g., >97%) and provide thorough documentation, such as IR spectra or NMR data, to confirm identity and purity. When you need to 'buy 3-chlorosalicylic acid', consider the reputation of the '3-chlorosalicylic acid manufacturer' and their adherence to quality standards.

In summary, 3-Chlorosalicylic Acid (CAS 1829-32-9) is a chemically rich compound whose synthesis and properties are of great importance to organic chemists. Its structure and reactivity make it an indispensable intermediate for various fields, underscoring the need for high-quality sourcing and a solid understanding of its scientific basis.