Isovaleryl Chloride (CAS 108-12-3) is a chemical intermediate prized for its reactivity and utility across various industrial sectors. For chemical engineers, plant managers, and safety officers, a thorough understanding of its physical and chemical properties, alongside proper handling procedures, is essential for safe and efficient use. This technical overview provides critical insights for professionals looking to buy and work with Isovaleryl Chloride.

The compound's chemical name is 3-methylbutanoyl chloride, and its molecular formula is C5H9ClO, with a molecular weight of 120.58. It typically presents as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid. Key physical properties include a density of approximately 1.0 g/cm³, a boiling point around 116.4 °C at standard pressure, and a flash point of 18.9 °C. The latter classifies it as a flammable liquid, requiring appropriate fire safety precautions during storage and use. Its vapor pressure is noted at 18.2 mmHg at 25°C, indicating a degree of volatility.

Chemically, Isovaleryl Chloride is characterized by the highly reactive acyl chloride functional group. This group readily undergoes nucleophilic acyl substitution, making it an excellent reagent for esterification and amidation reactions. This reactivity is the basis for its widespread use as an intermediate in synthesizing pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agrochemicals. For instance, its role in creating esters for fragrances or complex amide linkages in pharmaceutical APIs highlights its synthetic utility. When considering purchasing, checking the specified purity, often ≥98.0%, ensures optimal reaction performance.

Handling Isovaleryl Chloride demands strict adherence to safety protocols due to its corrosive nature and potential to react with moisture. Upon contact with water or humid air, it can hydrolyze to form isovaleric acid and hydrochloric acid, releasing irritating fumes. Therefore, it must be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials like water, alcohols, and bases. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory when handling this substance. This includes chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing. In areas where vapor exposure is possible, respiratory protection should be used.

For industrial buyers, sourcing Isovaleryl Chloride from reputable suppliers is paramount. Manufacturers often provide comprehensive Safety Data Sheets (SDS) that detail hazard identification, first-aid measures, firefighting measures, accidental release measures, handling and storage, and exposure controls. When you plan to buy Isovaleryl Chloride, always review the SDS and ensure your facility is equipped to handle hazardous and flammable materials. Understanding these technical details will ensure safe integration of this valuable chemical intermediate into your manufacturing processes.