Styrene Oxide, bearing the CAS number 96-09-3, is a fascinating organic compound that serves as a critical intermediate in various chemical synthesis pathways. Its chemical structure, 2-phenyloxirane, is characterized by an epoxide ring directly attached to a phenyl group. This molecular arrangement dictates its reactivity and its wide range of applications, particularly in the fields of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and polymer chemistry.

Chemically, Styrene Oxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, pleasant sweet odor. Its physical properties include a relatively low melting point and a boiling point around 193-196°C. It exhibits limited solubility in water but is miscible with many organic solvents, a property that facilitates its use in diverse reaction media. The epoxide ring is highly susceptible to nucleophilic attack, making Styrene Oxide a potent electrophile and a versatile building block. However, this reactivity also means it can be unstable under certain conditions; it is prone to polymerization, especially in the presence of acids, bases, or metal salts, and should be stored in cool, dry conditions, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.

The synthesis of Styrene Oxide typically involves the epoxidation of styrene. Several methods can achieve this transformation, with the choice often depending on desired purity, yield, and cost-effectiveness. One common route involves the direct epoxidation of styrene using various oxidizing agents. Historically, this has included reagents like peroxycarboxylic acids (e.g., m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, m-CPBA) or hydrogen peroxide in the presence of suitable catalysts. Another established method involves the reaction of styrene with a hypohalous acid (such as hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid) to form a halohydrin intermediate, followed by dehydrohalogenation using a base to cyclize and form the epoxide ring.

Modern research often focuses on developing more sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis routes. This includes exploring the use of more benign oxidants like molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide, coupled with highly efficient and reusable catalysts. The goal is to minimize by-product formation and reduce the overall environmental footprint of Styrene Oxide production. For industrial-scale manufacturing, methods that offer high yields and purity while maintaining economic viability are paramount.

Understanding these properties and synthesis methods is crucial for anyone looking to buy Styrene Oxide. Whether for research and development or large-scale industrial production, knowledge of its chemical behavior and how it is manufactured helps in selecting the right grade and supplier. Manufacturers specializing in fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates, particularly those based in China, often offer Styrene Oxide with high purity (e.g., 99% min) and competitive pricing, catering to the diverse needs of the global chemical market.