Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a chemical compound that exemplifies versatility, finding critical roles across an impressive range of industries. As a synthetic polymer derived from ethylene oxide, it is characterized by its clear, colorless, viscous liquid form, high water solubility, and low toxicity. These fundamental properties make it an invaluable ingredient for formulators and manufacturers seeking effective chemical solutions. Understanding its specific chemical characteristics and broad application spectrum is essential for leveraging its full potential.

Chemically, PEG 400 is a hydrophilic polymer characterized by repeating ethoxy units, with terminal hydroxyl groups. Its molecular weight, averaging around 400 g/mol, dictates its liquid state at room temperature and its excellent solvency for a variety of organic and inorganic compounds. This solvency is key to its utility as a solvent and co-solvent in numerous chemical processes and product formulations.

The surfactant properties of PEG 400 are particularly noteworthy. It acts as a non-ionic surfactant, meaning it can reduce surface tension and aid in the emulsification and dispersion of immiscible substances. This makes it highly effective in formulations where stable mixtures of oil and water are required, such as in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial cleaners.

Beyond its role as a surfactant, PEG 400 is extensively used as a humectant, drawing and retaining moisture. This makes it ideal for cosmetic products aimed at skin hydration and for certain pharmaceutical formulations that require moisture control.

The applications of PEG 400 are vast and varied:

  • Pharmaceuticals: Used as a solvent for poorly soluble drugs, a vehicle for drug delivery, and an excipient in capsules and topical preparations.
  • Cosmetics: Incorporated into lotions, creams, shampoos, and soaps as a moisturizer, lubricant, and emulsifier.
  • Industrial Chemicals: Acts as a dispersant in paints and inks, a lubricant in metalworking, and a component in adhesives and plasticizers.
  • Textiles: Utilized as a lubricant, softener, and antistatic agent.

For businesses looking to source PEG 400, partnering with reliable manufacturers and suppliers is crucial. Companies that specialize in producing high-purity PEG 400, often with specifications exceeding 99%, ensure the quality required for sensitive applications. Sourcing from manufacturers in China can provide access to cost-effective, bulk quantities while maintaining stringent quality controls. Always request detailed product specifications and safety data to ensure the material meets your specific needs.

In summary, Polyethylene Glycol 400 is a remarkable chemical compound whose unique properties as a solvent, humectant, and surfactant drive its widespread use across critical industries. Its chemical structure and physical characteristics position it as an indispensable ingredient for formulators and manufacturers worldwide.