2-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole (CAS 121-66-4): A Versatile Chemical Compound

2-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole, scientifically known as 5-Nitrothiazol-2-amine, is a pivotal chemical intermediate with the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 121-66-4. This compound is characterized by its molecular formula C3H3N3O2S and a molecular weight of 145.14 g/mol. Typically appearing as a light yellow to greenish-yellow powder, it may also present as an orange or brown powder, exhibiting a slightly bitter taste. Its melting point generally falls within the range of 197-200°C, often accompanied by decomposition, highlighting its thermal properties.

The applications of 2-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole are diverse, extending across several key industries. Historically, it has been recognized as an important antiprotozoal agent, notably used in veterinary medicine since the 1950s to treat various conditions in farm fowl and pigeons. Beyond its direct medicinal uses, it serves as a critical intermediate in the pharmaceutical sector for the synthesis of various drugs, including antitubercular agents and compounds like Nitazoxanide related derivatives. Its role as a building block in complex organic synthesis underscores its significance in developing new therapeutic solutions.

Furthermore, 2-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole plays a vital role in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of dyes. It is widely employed as a diazo component in the synthesis of azoheterocyclic dyes, specifically monoazo disperse dyes. These dyes are valued for their vibrant colors and stability, finding applications in textiles and other materials. The compound also finds use in the creation of agricultural chemicals and as a component in rubber accelerators, showcasing its broad industrial utility. Analytical chemists utilize it as a reagent in various testing methodologies, further demonstrating its versatility.

From a chemical perspective, 2-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole is sparingly soluble in water but shows better solubility in organic solvents such as 95% ethanol, dichloromethane, and DMSO, as well as dilute mineral acids. Its predicted boiling point is around 345.1°C, with an estimated density of approximately 1.583 g/cm3. The synthesis of this compound traditionally involves the nitration of 2-aminothiazole or 2-acetylaminothiazole, followed by careful hydrolysis or reduction steps. Modern production methods emphasize controlled conditions to ensure product purity and safety, given the potential for exothermic reactions during synthesis.

Safety considerations are paramount when handling 2-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole. It is identified as an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Proper protective measures, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and ensuring adequate ventilation, are essential during handling and storage. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from high-temperature heat sources, open flames, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides. It is also sensitive to light, requiring storage in dark conditions. Adhering to these guidelines is crucial for safe and effective use.

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