5-Heptylbenzene-1,3-diol, also widely recognized by its synonym 5-Heptylresorcinol, is a significant chemical compound with the molecular formula C13H20O2 and a molecular weight of 208.29700. Other common synonyms include 5-n-heptyl resorcinol, sphaerophorol, and 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-heptyl. This versatile compound is characterized by its appearance as a light yellow to off-white solid, making it easily distinguishable in various laboratory and industrial settings.

Delving into its physical characteristics, 5-Heptylbenzene-1,3-diol exhibits a density of 1.033 g/cm3 and a boiling point of 342.3ºC at 760 mmHg. Its refractive index is approximately 1.534, and it possesses a melting point of 55 °C. These precise physical properties are critical for its identification and for designing specific applications and handling protocols in chemical processes. Quality control for this compound typically involves rigorous testing, including IR and NMR determination to confirm its structure, ensuring it conforms to established standards. A low loss on drying and a high HPLC purity, generally exceeding 98%, are key indicators of its superior quality and suitability for demanding applications.

The primary application of 5-Heptylbenzene-1,3-diol lies in its role as a crucial pharmaceutical intermediate. Its unique chemical structure allows it to serve as a building block for synthesizing more complex pharmaceutical compounds. Notably, it is identified as a cannabimimetic compound, bearing a structural resemblance to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Research has indicated its potential for cannabimimetic effects in both animal and human studies, primarily through its high-affinity and selective binding to the CB1 receptor. This binding activity has been observed to induce hypomotility in mice at higher doses, underscoring its pharmacological relevance.

Beyond its direct pharmacological interest, 5-Heptylbenzene-1,3-diol is also a subject of study in biosynthesis. Its natural production has been explored in genetically modified fungi, leading to the identification of specific mutant enzymes involved in its formation. From a synthetic chemistry perspective, the compound can be efficiently produced through various methods. These include the reaction of phenols with acetaldehyde or by the hydroxylation of benzene followed by acid catalysis. Such synthesis pathways provide flexibility and scalability for industrial production, making it accessible for diverse research and manufacturing needs.

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