Bengenin, also widely known as Bergenin (CAS 477-90-7), is a remarkable natural polyphenol gaining significant attention in various health and pharmaceutical sectors. This C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid, characterized by its molecular formula C14H16O9 and a molecular weight of 328.27, is primarily extracted from the rhizomes of plants belonging to the Bergenia and Ardisia genera, such as Rock Cabbage (Bergenia purpurascens) and Dwarf Tea (Ardisia crispa). Historically utilized in traditional medicine systems, Bengenin is now at the forefront of modern scientific research due to its extensive range of therapeutic properties.

Chemically, Bengenin typically presents as a white to off-white, loose needle-like crystal or crystalline powder. It exhibits specific physical properties, including a melting point of 237-240 °C, and is soluble in methanol while being slightly soluble in water and ethanol. Its bitter taste and tendency to discolor when exposed to light or heat are also notable characteristics. The purity and consistency of Bengenin are crucial for its efficacy in various applications.

The pharmacological spectrum of Bengenin is impressively broad. One of its most extensively studied properties is its potent anti-inflammatory effect. Research indicates that Bengenin achieves this by inhibiting the formation of key inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This mechanism suggests its potential in managing inflammatory conditions and related pain. Furthermore, Bengenin demonstrates significant antioxidant activity, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals and protect cellular integrity, which is vital for overall health and disease prevention.

Beyond its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, Bengenin is also recognized for its traditional and scientifically validated roles in respiratory and gastrointestinal health. It acts as a powerful antitussive and expectorant, offering significant relief from coughs and aiding in the expulsion of phlegm. Clinical applications have shown its effectiveness in treating chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma. In the realm of gastrointestinal health, Bengenin has demonstrated therapeutic effects against experimental gastric ulcers and is clinically applied for the treatment of chronic gastritis, gastric, and duodenal ulcers.

Moreover, Bengenin exhibits promising hepatoprotective effects. Studies have shown its ability to improve liver injury by regulating glutathione content and inhibiting the release of free radicals, highlighting its potential in liver support formulations. Additional properties include its antipyretic action, effectively reducing fever, and its antiviral capabilities, inhibiting the replication of both DNA and RNA viruses. These multifaceted benefits underscore Bengenin’s value as a natural active ingredient across various health applications.

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