Benzil, identified by its CAS number 134-81-6, is a prominent organic compound widely recognized for its versatility and significant role across various industrial and research applications. Systematically known as 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione, it is also referred to by other common names such as Diphenylethanedione, Diphenyl diketone, and Dibenzoyl. This compound is characterized by its distinctive yellow to white crystalline appearance and plays a critical part in many chemical processes.

Chemically, Benzil has a molecular formula of C14H10O2 and a molecular weight of 210.23 g/mol. Its typical properties include a high purity, generally at or above 99.5%, ensuring its suitability for demanding applications. It exhibits a melting point between 94.0°C and 97.0°C and a boiling point ranging from 346.0°C to 348.0°C. Benzil is largely insoluble in water but shows good solubility in various organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, and benzene, making it adaptable for diverse reaction environments.

One of Benzil's most significant applications is its use as a photoinitiator in the free-radical curing of polymer networks. It efficiently absorbs ultraviolet radiation, particularly at a wavelength of 260 nm, which leads to its decomposition and the subsequent formation of free-radical species. These radicals are essential for initiating polymerization reactions and forming strong cross-links within the material, making it indispensable in the production of UV-curable resins and coatings. While its effectiveness as a photoinitiator is widely acknowledged, its unique photobleaching property also allows the curing light to penetrate deeper layers of the material upon prolonged exposure, ensuring thorough curing.

Beyond its role as a photoinitiator, Benzil serves as a crucial building block in organic synthesis. It is actively involved in classic organic reactions, such as the benzilic acid rearrangement, where it is converted into benzilic acid under basic conditions. This specific reactivity is notably exploited in the preparation of important pharmaceutical compounds, including the drug phenytoin. Furthermore, Benzil readily condenses with amines to yield diketimine ligands and participates in aldol condensations, for example, with 1,3-diphenylacetone to form tetraphenylcyclopentadienone.

The compound also finds application in other specialized areas, including its use in photosensitizers, as an intermediate for organic synthesis, and in the production of certain adhesives. Its versatility extends to being utilized in the formulation of insecticides and as a key raw material for various pharmaceutical intermediates. For optimal stability and to maintain its high purity, Benzil should be stored in a cool, dry place, ideally between 2-8°C, and away from direct sunlight. It is typically packaged in durable cartons or drums, ensuring safe transport and storage.

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