Capillarisin (CAS NO: 56365-38-9) is a natural flavonoid compound increasingly recognized for its multifaceted biological activities and diverse applications. Sourced primarily from the herbs of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., this off-white powder with a molecular formula of C16H12O7 and a molecular weight of 316.262 g/mol is a crucial organic intermediate in various chemical syntheses and a potent bioactive substance in pharmaceutical research. Its high purity, typically 98% minimum, ensures its suitability for demanding scientific and industrial uses.

Capillarisin has garnered significant attention in the scientific community due to its remarkable pharmacological properties. One of its most extensively studied roles is its potent anti-inflammatory activity. Research indicates that Capillarisin can effectively suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by inhibiting key signaling pathways such as TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs activation in microglial cells. This mechanism highlights its potential as a therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases.

Beyond its anti-inflammatory effects, Capillarisin also exhibits promising anti-cancer properties. It has been identified as a novel blocker of STAT3 activation, a pathway closely associated with tumor cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Studies have shown that Capillarisin can inhibit cancer cell growth, for instance in osteosarcoma cells, by inducing apoptosis, causing G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest, and leading to a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential. This suggests its potential as an agent in cancer therapy research.

Furthermore, Capillarisin offers significant neuroprotective benefits. It has been shown to protect neuronal cells, such as SH-SY5Y cells, against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. This protective effect is mediated through the inhibition of oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, primarily via the ROS-mediated PI3K/PKB pathway. Its anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic activities also underscore its potential in pain management, effectively suppressing inflammatory pain signaling in animal models. These properties position Capillarisin as a valuable compound for neuroscience research and potential therapeutic development for pain and neurodegenerative conditions.

In addition to its pharmaceutical applications, Capillarisin's versatility extends to other industrial uses. It serves as an important organic intermediate in various chemical processes, contributing to the synthesis of other complex organic molecules. Its properties also make it suitable as a raw material for specialized applications, including anti-fouling paints for marine environments and as an ingredient in the development of new biological pesticides. These diverse applications underscore Capillarisin's broad utility across multiple sectors.

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