For chemists, researchers, and procurement specialists in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries, a thorough understanding of a compound's properties is fundamental to its successful application. 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde (CAS: 6334-18-5) is one such compound, whose specific characteristics make it an invaluable intermediate in a range of synthetic processes. This article explores its key chemical and physical attributes.

Chemical Identity and Structure

2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde, also known by its synonyms such as Benzaldehyde, 2,3-dichloro-, is characterized by its molecular formula C7H4Cl2O. Its molecular weight is approximately 175.01 g/mol. The structure features a benzene ring with an aldehyde functional group (-CHO) and two chlorine atoms attached at the ortho (2) and meta (3) positions relative to the aldehyde. This specific substitution pattern significantly influences its reactivity and physical behavior.

Key Physical Properties

The physical attributes of 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde contribute to its handling and processing characteristics:

• Appearance: It typically presents as a white crystalline powder. This solid form is convenient for weighing and handling in laboratory and industrial settings.
• Melting Point: The melting point is generally reported in the range of 64-67°C. This relatively low melting point means it can be easily liquefied for certain reactions or processes.
• Boiling Point: It boils at approximately 242.9°C at standard atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg). This high boiling point indicates its thermal stability under typical reaction conditions.
• Density: The density is approximately 1.4 g/cm³.
• Solubility: While specific solubility data can vary, it is generally considered to be practically insoluble in water but soluble in various organic solvents, which is typical for aromatic organic compounds. This differential solubility is often exploited during purification and reaction workups.
• Flash Point: With a flash point of around 99.2°C, it indicates a moderate flammability risk, necessitating appropriate safety precautions during handling and storage.

Chemical Reactivity and Applications

The presence of the aldehyde group and the two electron-withdrawing chlorine atoms on the aromatic ring dictates the chemical reactivity of 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde:

• Aldehyde Reactivity: The aldehyde group is susceptible to nucleophilic addition reactions, oxidation, and reduction, making it a versatile functional group for further chemical transformations.
• Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: The chlorine atoms deactivate the ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution but can direct incoming electrophiles to specific positions.
• Pharmaceutical Intermediacy: Its primary use is as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals like felodipine and lamotrigine. This utility arises from its specific structural features that can be readily converted into the complex architectures of these drugs.
• Other Organic Syntheses: It also serves as a building block in the synthesis of agrochemicals and certain specialty materials, demonstrating its broad applicability in organic chemistry.

Safety Considerations

Information regarding hazard symbols (Xi, C) and risk codes (34, 36/37/38) indicates that 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde is an irritant and corrosive substance. It can cause burns to skin and eyes, and irritation to the respiratory system. Proper handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, eye protection, and respiratory masks, is essential. Storage in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area is recommended to maintain its stability.

By understanding the nuanced chemical and physical properties of 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde, researchers and manufacturers can better leverage its potential. As a reliable supplier of 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde, we ensure that our product meets stringent specifications, providing the foundation for your successful chemical syntheses.